Beriwal Nitya, Namgyal Tashi, Sangay Pema, Al Quraan Asmaa Monther
Department of Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, 4751, Mangels Boulevard, Fairfield, 94534, CA, USA.
Heliyon. 2019 Feb 1;5(1):e01190. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01190. eCollection 2019 Jan.
The anti-oxidant effects of melatonin and the immune-pineal axis are well established. However, how they play a role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases is not well elucidated. A better understanding of this neuro-immuno-endocrinological link can help in the development of novel therapies with higher efficacy to alleviate symptomatology, slow disease progression and improve the quality of life. Recent studies have shown that the immune-pineal axis acts as an immunological buffer, neurohormonal switch and it also intricately links the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases (like Multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease) and inflammation at a molecular level. Furthermore, alteration in circadian melatonin production is seen in neurodegenerative diseases. This review will summarise the mechanics by which the immune-pineal axis and neuro-immuno-endocrinological disturbances affect the pathogenesis and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. It will also explore, how this understanding will help in the development of novel hybrid melatonin hormone therapies for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
褪黑素的抗氧化作用以及免疫-松果体轴已得到充分证实。然而，它们在神经退行性疾病发病机制中如何发挥作用尚未得到充分阐明。更好地理解这种神经免疫内分泌联系有助于开发疗效更高的新疗法，以缓解症状、减缓疾病进展并提高生活质量。最近的研究表明，免疫-松果体轴充当免疫缓冲器、神经激素开关，并且在分子水平上还将神经退行性疾病（如多发性硬化症、阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病）的发病机制与炎症复杂地联系起来。此外，在神经退行性疾病中可观察到昼夜节律性褪黑素分泌的改变。本综述将总结免疫-松果体轴和神经免疫内分泌紊乱影响神经退行性疾病发病机制和进展的机制。它还将探讨这种认识如何有助于开发用于治疗神经退行性疾病的新型混合褪黑素激素疗法。
