The Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Province, China.
Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Province, China.
J Alzheimers Dis. 2019;67(3):1067-1077. doi: 10.3233/JAD-180605.
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI), as a transitional stage between normal aging and dementia, causes cognitive decline among one-fifth of elders aged 65 years and older. Health-related lifestyles (HRL) are generally regarded as modifiable influencing factors of cognitive decline. The present study investigated how HRLs at two different life stages (one at midlife and the other at later life) affect MCI occurrence among community-dwelling elders, as part of the Diet and Healthy Aging (DaHA) study in Singapore. The frequencies of major HRL activities were compared between 119 clinical diagnosed MCI cases and 632 normal aging controls with functional cognition. The associations of HRLs with MCI were determined by multivariate logistic regression analysis and adjusted according to known factors including age, childhood education, and major chronic diseases (hypertension, stroke, diabetes, and cataracts or glaucoma). Long-hour working in midlife (adjusted OR = 0.418 with 95% CI 0.215-0.812) and social engagement in later-life (adjusted OR = 0.532 with 95% CI 0.329-0.859) were associated with reduced risks of MCI, respectively. It is important to note that those elders who had both midlife long-hour working and later-life social engagement were related to the lowest risk of MCI (adjusted OR = 0.285 with 95% CI 0.143-0.565), when compared to the least active subgroup who neither had worked long hours in midlife nor participate in social activities in later-life. Therefore, the present study demonstrated that midlife long-hour working and later-life social engagement were modifiable factors for the maintenance of cognitive functions.
轻度认知障碍（MCI）作为正常衰老与痴呆之间的过渡阶段，会导致五分之一的 65 岁及以上老年人认知能力下降。健康相关生活方式（HRL）通常被认为是认知能力下降的可改变影响因素。本研究调查了两种不同生命阶段（中年和晚年）的 HRL 如何影响社区居住的老年人的 MCI 发生，这是新加坡饮食与健康老龄化（DaHA）研究的一部分。通过功能认知比较了 119 例临床诊断为 MCI 的病例和 632 例正常衰老对照者的主要 HRL 活动频率。采用多变量逻辑回归分析确定 HRL 与 MCI 的相关性，并根据年龄、儿童教育和主要慢性疾病（高血压、中风、糖尿病以及白内障或青光眼）等已知因素进行调整。中年时长时间工作（调整后的 OR=0.418，95%CI 0.215-0.812）和晚年的社交参与（调整后的 OR=0.532，95%CI 0.329-0.859）与 MCI 风险降低相关。需要注意的是，与中年长时间工作和晚年社交参与均有的那些老年人，与 MCI 风险最低相关（调整后的 OR=0.285，95%CI 0.143-0.565），与那些中年既没有长时间工作也没有晚年参与社交活动的最不活跃亚组相比。因此，本研究表明，中年长时间工作和晚年社交参与是维持认知功能的可改变因素。
