Aupanun Sawinee, Phuektes Patchara, Poapolathep Saranya, Alassane-Kpembi Imourana, Oswald Isabelle P, Poapolathep Amnart
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; Center for Advanced Studies for Agriculture and Food, CASAF, KU Institute for Advanced Studies, NRU-KU, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.
Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khonkaen University, Khonkaen 40002, Thailand.
Toxicon. 2019 Mar 15;160:29-37. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.02.006. Epub 2019 Feb 16.
Food and feed commodities are often contaminated by more than one mycotoxin. Among the several combinations that frequently occur, fusariotoxins are often mentioned. The multi-mycotoxins contamination is a serious threat for health. In the present study we investigated the toxic interactions between deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol (NIV), and fusarenon-X (FX) in Jurkat T cells by using the MTT assay. The tested mycotoxins alone or in combination had a dose dependent effect on proliferating lymphocytes. According to IC, it could be classified in decreasing order of toxicity: FX > NIV > DON > DON + FX > NIV + FX > DON + NIV > DON + NIV + FX. The type of mycotoxin interactions was assessed by calculating the combination index (CI) and the dose reduction index (DRI). Our data indicate that an antagonistic effect was strongly observed in binary combination between DON and NIV at higher concentrations and ternary mixtures. Meanwhile, the DON and FX mixtures generated moderate antagonism, while NIV and FX provoked different interactions. The effects of tested mycotoxins on apoptosis were also determined using a FACScan flow cytometer. At IC, the percentages of apoptotic cells in all treatment groups were significantly different when compared to control group but no significant differences among treatment groups was observed. Taken together, our data suggest that immunotoxicity among multi-mycotoxins contamination cannot be predicted based on individual effects but depends on the mixtures, ratio and/or concentrations in the product, as well as type of target cells.
食品和饲料商品常常受到不止一种霉菌毒素的污染。在经常出现的几种组合中，镰刀菌毒素常被提及。多种霉菌毒素污染对健康构成严重威胁。在本研究中，我们通过MTT法研究了脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）、雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（NIV）和镰刀菌烯酮-X（FX）在Jurkat T细胞中的毒性相互作用。单独或组合测试的霉菌毒素对增殖淋巴细胞具有剂量依赖性效应。根据半数抑制浓度（IC），其毒性可按降序排列为：FX＞NIV＞DON＞DON + FX＞NIV + FX＞DON + NIV＞DON + NIV + FX。通过计算组合指数（CI）和剂量降低指数（DRI）来评估霉菌毒素相互作用的类型。我们的数据表明，在较高浓度下，DON和NIV的二元组合以及三元混合物中强烈观察到拮抗作用。同时，DON和FX混合物产生中度拮抗作用，而NIV和FX引发不同的相互作用。还使用FACScan流式细胞仪测定了测试霉菌毒素对细胞凋亡的影响。在半数抑制浓度下，与对照组相比，所有处理组的凋亡细胞百分比均有显著差异，但各处理组之间未观察到显著差异。综上所述，我们的数据表明，多种霉菌毒素污染中的免疫毒性不能基于个体效应来预测，而是取决于混合物、产品中的比例和/或浓度以及靶细胞类型。
