Department of Physiology and Toxicology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kazimierz Wielki University, 85-064 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
Toxins (Basel). 2022 Mar 30;14(4):244. doi: 10.3390/toxins14040244.
Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites of molds and mainly produced by species of the genera , and . They can be synthesized on the field, during harvest as well as during storage. They are fairly stable compounds and difficult to remove. Among several hundreds of mycotoxins, according to the WHO, ochratoxin A, aflatoxins, zearalenone, deoxynivalenol, patulin, fumonisins as well as T-2 and HT-2 toxins deserve special attention. Cytotoxicity is one of the most important adverse properties of mycotoxins and is generally assessed via the MTT assay, the neutral red assay, the LDH assay, the CCK-8 assay and the ATP test in different cell lines. The apoptotic cell ratio is mainly assessed via flow cytometry. Aside from the assessment of the toxicity of individual mycotoxins, it is important to determine the cytotoxicity of mycotoxin combinations. Such combinations often exhibit stronger cytotoxicity than individual mycotoxins. The cytotoxicity of different mycotoxins often depends on the cell line used in the experiment and is frequently time- and dose-dependent. A major drawback of assessing mycotoxin cytotoxicity in cell lines is the lack of interaction typical for complex organisms (for example, immune responses).
真菌毒素是霉菌的次生代谢物，主要由 、 和 属的物种产生。它们可以在田间、收获期间和储存期间合成。它们是相当稳定的化合物，难以去除。在数百种真菌毒素中，世界卫生组织特别关注赭曲霉毒素 A、黄曲霉毒素、玉米赤霉烯酮、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇、展青霉素、伏马菌素以及 T-2 和 HT-2 毒素。细胞毒性是真菌毒素最重要的不良特性之一，通常通过 MTT 测定法、中性红测定法、LDH 测定法、CCK-8 测定法和不同细胞系中的 ATP 测试进行评估。细胞凋亡的比例主要通过流式细胞术进行评估。除了评估单个真菌毒素的毒性外，确定真菌毒素组合的细胞毒性也很重要。这种组合通常比单个真菌毒素具有更强的细胞毒性。不同真菌毒素的细胞毒性通常取决于实验中使用的细胞系，并且经常是时间和剂量依赖性的。在细胞系中评估真菌毒素细胞毒性的一个主要缺点是缺乏典型的复杂生物体之间的相互作用（例如，免疫反应）。
