Fish Disease Research Unit, Institute for Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany.
Laboratory of Fish Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Pulawy, Poland.
Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2019 Apr;87:809-819. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.02.022. Epub 2019 Feb 15.
Carp from breeding strains with different genetic background present diverse levels of resistance to viral pathogens. Carp strains of Asian origin, currently being treated as Cyprinus rubrofuscus L., especially Amur wild carp (AS), were proven to be more resistant to koi herpesvirus disease (KHVD; caused by cyprinid herpesvirus 3, CyHV-3) than strains originating from Europe and belonging to Cyprinus carpio L., like the Prerov scale carp (PS) or koi carp from a breed in the Czech Republic. We hypothesised that it can be associated with a higher magnitude of type I interferon (IFN) response as a first line of innate defence mechanisms against viral infections. To evaluate this hypothesis, four strains of common carp (AS, Rop, PS and koi) were challenged using two viral infection models: Rhabdovirus SVCV (spring viremia of carp virus) and alloherpesvirus CyHV-3. The infection with SVCV induced a low mortality rates and the most resistant was the Rop strain (no mortalities), whereas the PS strain was the most susceptible (survival rate of 78%). During CyHV-3 infection, Rop and AS strains performed better (survival rates of 78% and 53%, respectively) than PS and koi strains (survival rates of 35% and 10%, respectively). The evaluation of virus loads and virus replication showed significant differences between the carp strains, which correlated with the mortality rate. The evaluation of type I IFN responses showed that there were fundamental differences between the virus infection models. While responses to the SVCV were high, the CyHV-3 generally induced low responses. Furthermore, the results demonstrated that the magnitude of type I IFN responses did not correlate with a higher resistance in infected carp. In the case of a CyHV-3 infection, reduced type I IFN responses could be related to the potential ability of the virus to interfere with cellular sensing of foreign nucleic acids. Taken together, the results broaden our understanding of how common carp from different genetic strains interact with various viral pathogens.
具有不同遗传背景的鲤鱼品种对病毒病原体表现出不同程度的抗性。亚洲起源的鲤鱼品种，目前被视为红鲫（Cyprinus rubrofuscus L.），特别是野生阿穆尔鲤鱼（AS），被证明比欧洲起源的鲤鱼品种更能抵抗锦鲤疱疹病毒病（KHVD；由鲤鱼疱疹病毒 3 型，CyHV-3 引起），如普雷洛夫鳞鲤（PS）或捷克鲤鱼品种的锦鲤。我们假设这可能与作为抗病毒感染第一道先天防御机制的 I 型干扰素（IFN）反应幅度较大有关。为了评估这一假设，我们用两种病毒感染模型（Rhabdovirus SVCV 即鲤鱼病毒性出血病病毒和 alloherpesvirus CyHV-3）对四种鲤鱼品种（AS、Rop、PS 和锦鲤）进行了挑战。SVCV 感染导致低死亡率，最具抗性的是 Rop 品系（无死亡），而 PS 品系最易感（存活率为 78%）。在 CyHV-3 感染期间，Rop 和 AS 品系的表现优于 PS 和锦鲤品系（存活率分别为 78%和 53%）（存活率分别为 35%和 10%）。对病毒载量和病毒复制的评估显示，鲤鱼品种之间存在显著差异，这与死亡率相关。I 型 IFN 反应的评估表明，两种病毒感染模型之间存在根本差异。虽然对 SVCV 的反应较高，但 CyHV-3 通常诱导的反应较低。此外，结果表明，I 型 IFN 反应的幅度与受感染鲤鱼的更高抗性无关。在 CyHV-3 感染的情况下，I 型 IFN 反应的降低可能与病毒干扰细胞对外来核酸的感应能力有关。综上所述，这些结果拓宽了我们对不同遗传品系的鲤鱼与各种病毒病原体相互作用的理解。
