Pollock C J, Eagles C F
Plant and Cell Biology Department, Welsh Plant Breeding Station, Aberystwyth, Wales, UK.
Symp Soc Exp Biol. 1988;42:157-80.
The growth responses of plants at low temperature are discussed, with particular reference to the reversible effects of low positive temperatures upon the growth of obligately chilling-resistant species. Techniques for the measurement of growth and the control of meristem temperature are described, and evidence concerning the sites of temperature perception and transduction in the developing monocot leaf is reviewed. The rapidity and reversibility of such responses, and their apparent independence of changes in carbon supply or meristem cell turgor are held to support the hypothesis that chilling alters the physical properties of the walls of extending cells within the meristematic zone. The existence of marked genetic variability in these responses facilitates agricultural exploitation of low-temperature growth. The effects of longer-term chilling upon growth, cell extension and cell division are described, with particular reference to interactions with other environmental variables and with developmental factors which can alter the nature of the temperature response. The relationship between growth reduction and the development of freezing tolerance during chilling is discussed in relation to programmes of crop improvement which will maximize productivity at low temperatures without adversely affecting survival.
本文讨论了植物在低温下的生长反应，特别提及了略高于零摄氏度的低温对专性抗寒物种生长的可逆影响。文中描述了测量生长以及控制分生组织温度的技术，并综述了有关发育中的单子叶中温度感知和传导位点的证据。此类反应的快速性和可逆性，以及它们明显独立于碳供应或分生组织细胞膨压的变化，被认为支持了这样一种假说：低温会改变分生组织区内正在伸展的细胞的细胞壁物理特性。这些反应中存在显著的遗传变异性，有利于低温生长在农业上的利用。文中描述了长期低温对生长、细胞伸展和细胞分裂的影响，特别提及了与其他环境变量以及与可改变温度反应性质的发育因子之间的相互作用。结合作物改良计划，讨论了低温期间生长减缓与抗冻性发展之间的关系，该计划将在不负面影响存活率的情况下使低温下的生产力最大化。
