Faculty of Tourism, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey.
Department of Economics, St. Mary's College of Maryland, St. Mary's City, MD, 20686, USA.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2019 Apr;26(11):10846-10853. doi: 10.1007/s11356-019-04514-6. Epub 2019 Feb 18.
This study aims to test the EKC (Environmental Kuznets Curve) hypothesis for the ten states, having the highest levels of carbon dioxide emissions in the USA, through the independent variables of real GDP, population, and renewable energy and fossil energy consumptions. To this aim, the panel estimation method with cross-sectional dependence is applied to data from 1980 to 2015. The empirical findings of the study indicate that the EKC (inverted U-shaped) hypothesis is valid only for Florida, Illinois, Michigan, New York, and Ohio. Interestingly, the negative impacts of fossil energy consumption on CO emission levels in Texas are not detected statistically although this state is the leading oil-producing state. Furthermore, the positive impacts of renewable energy consumption in Florida, officially known as "Sunshine State", are considerably low when compared with the other states.
本研究旨在通过实际 GDP、人口以及可再生能源和化石能源消费这三个自变量，对美国二氧化碳排放量最高的十个州进行环境库兹涅茨曲线（EKC）假设检验。为此，我们将面板估计法与横截面相关性相结合，对 1980 年至 2015 年的数据进行了分析。研究的实证结果表明，EKC（倒 U 型）假设仅在佛罗里达州、伊利诺伊州、密歇根州、纽约州和俄亥俄州成立。有趣的是，尽管德克萨斯州是主要的产油州，但并未检测到其化石能源消费对 CO 排放水平的负面影响。此外，在被称为“阳光州”的佛罗里达州，可再生能源消费的积极影响与其他州相比相当低。
