Department of Community Health, National University of Malaysia, MY.
Ann Glob Health. 2018 Nov 5;84(4):670-678. doi: 10.9204/aogh.2376.
IntroductionMany epidemiological studies have demonstrated associations between air pollution levels and human health in terms of hospital admissions. The aim of this paper is to gather evidence concerning air pollution effects on the risk of hospital admission. We hypothesised that increase in: particulate matter (PM), ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and sulphur dioxide (SO2) levels would be associated with the increasing trend of hospital admission.MethodsA systematic review of literature was carried out. Literature search was done in Sage, Ovid Medline, Science Direct, Wiley and ProQuest from 2010 to 2016 using keywords "hospital admission and air pollution". Studies of any relevant design were included if they presented original data, included at least one analysis where hospital admission was the specific outcome, and one or more of the following exposures were investigated: PM, O3, CO, NO2 and SO2.ResultsA total of 175 potential studies were identified by the search. Twenty two studies qualified for the review. Air pollution was noted to have an excessive risk of 3.46 (95%CI, 1.67, 5.27) of total hospital admissions. Cardiovascular admission was noted to have an increased risk of hospitalization for PM2.5 of 1.5 to 2.0; PM10 (1.007 to 2.7); NO2 (1.04 to 1.17) and SO2 (1.007). For respiratory admission, PM2.5 can caused an increased risk of hospitalization by 1.1 to 1.8; PM10 (1.007 to 1.13); NO2 (1.08 to 1.94) and SO2 (1.02). While O3 have minimal effect on COPD and stroke, CO does not influence in the effect of these hospitalization.ConclusionThe exposure to air pollutants confers an increased risk of admission of several disease. Our findings call for greater awareness of environmental protection and the implementation of effective measures to improve the quality of air, which may reduce the risks of adverse effects on the population's health.
介绍
许多流行病学研究表明，空气污染水平与医院入院率之间存在关联。本文旨在收集有关空气污染对医院入院风险影响的证据。我们假设：颗粒物（PM）、臭氧（O3）、一氧化碳（CO）、二氧化氮（NO2）和二氧化硫（SO2）水平的增加将与医院入院率的上升趋势相关。
方法
进行了系统的文献回顾。在 Sage、Ovid Medline、Science Direct、Wiley 和 ProQuest 中，从 2010 年到 2016 年，使用“医院入院和空气污染”等关键词进行文献检索。如果研究提供了原始数据，包括至少一项将医院入院作为特定结局的分析，并且调查了以下一种或多种暴露因素：PM、O3、CO、NO2 和 SO2，则纳入任何相关设计的研究。
结果
通过搜索共确定了 175 项潜在研究。22 项研究符合审查条件。空气污染被认为会导致总住院人数增加 3.46 倍（95%CI，1.67，5.27）。心血管疾病入院与 PM2.5、PM10、NO2 和 SO2 的住院风险增加有关，风险比分别为 1.5 至 2.0、1.007 至 2.7、1.04 至 1.17 和 1.007。对于呼吸道疾病入院，PM2.5 可使住院风险增加 1.1 至 1.8，PM10、NO2 和 SO2 的风险比分别为 1.007 至 1.13、1.08 至 1.94 和 1.02。O3 对 COPD 和中风的影响较小，而 CO 对这些住院治疗的影响则没有影响。
结论
暴露于空气污染物会增加多种疾病的入院风险。我们的研究结果呼吁加强环境保护意识，并采取有效措施改善空气质量，这可能会降低对人群健康的不良影响的风险。
