Cheng Meng-Hsuan, Chiu Hui-Fen, Yang Chun-Yuh
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2015 Oct 16;12(10):13053-68. doi: 10.3390/ijerph121013053.
This study was undertaken to determine whether there was an association between coarse particles (PM₂.₅-₁₀) levels and frequency of hospital admissions for respiratory diseases (RD) in Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Hospital admissions for RD including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, and pneumonia, and ambient air pollution data levels for Kaohsiung were obtained for the period from 2006 to 2010. The relative risk of hospital admissions for RD was estimated using a case-crossover approach, controlling for weather variables, day of the week, seasonality, and long-term time trends. For the single pollutant model (without adjustment for other pollutants), increased rate of admissions for RD were significantly associated with higher coarse PM levels only on cool days (<25 °C), with a 10 µg/m³ elevation in PM₂.₅-₁₀ concentrations associated with a 3% (95% CI = 1%-5%) rise in COPD admissions, 4% (95% CI = 1%-7%) increase in asthma admissions, and 3% (95% CI = 2%-4%) rise in pneumonia admissions. No significant associations were found between coarse particle levels and the number of hospital admissions for RD on warm days. In the two-pollutant models, PM₂.₅-₁₀ levels remained significantly correlated with higher rate of RD admissions even controlling for sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, or ozone on cool days. This study provides evidence that higher levels of PM₂.₅-₁₀ enhance the risk of hospital admissions for RD on cool days.
本研究旨在确定台湾高雄市粗颗粒物（PM₂.₅-₁₀）水平与呼吸系统疾病（RD）住院频率之间是否存在关联。获取了2006年至2010年期间高雄市RD（包括慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）、哮喘和肺炎）的住院人数以及环境空气污染数据水平。采用病例交叉法估计RD住院的相对风险，同时控制天气变量、星期几、季节性和长期时间趋势。对于单污染物模型（不调整其他污染物），仅在凉爽天气（<25°C）下，RD住院率的增加与较高的粗颗粒物水平显著相关，PM₂.₅-₁₀浓度每升高10 µg/m³，COPD住院人数增加3%（95%置信区间 = 1%-5%），哮喘住院人数增加4%（95%置信区间 = 1%-7%），肺炎住院人数增加3%（95%置信区间 = 2%-4%）。在温暖天气下，未发现粗颗粒物水平与RD住院人数之间存在显著关联。在双污染物模型中，即使在凉爽天气下控制了二氧化硫、二氧化氮、一氧化碳或臭氧，PM₂.₅-₁₀水平仍与较高的RD住院率显著相关。本研究提供了证据，表明较高水平的PM₂.₅-₁₀会增加凉爽天气下RD住院的风险。
