Research Centre for Child Development, Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China.
College of Education, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii.
Infant Ment Health J. 2019 Mar;40(2):248-262. doi: 10.1002/imhj.21763. Epub 2019 Feb 19.
Using a longitudinal design, this study examined the associations between infant temperamental withdrawal and behavior problems during toddlerhood and tested the moderating effects of maternal sensitivity to infant distress (MSID) and toddlers' ability to delay gratification (ADG) in urban Chinese families. Participants were 84 Chinese children (37 boys, 47 girls) and their mothers. When the infants were 6 months old (T1: infancy), their mothers reported their temperamental withdrawal, and research assistants observed and coded MSID by using a subscale of the Maternal Behavior Q-Sort during free-play interaction. When the toddlers were 1 year old (T2: early toddlerhood), their mothers reported their internalizing and externalizing problems. When the toddlers were 2 years old (T3: late toddlerhood), their mothers again reported their internalizing and externalizing problems, and their abilities of delay gratification were assessed through a laboratory-based procedure. Infant temperamental withdrawal was associated with increased internalizing problems in early toddlerhood and increased externalizing problems during middle to late toddlerhood; infants whose mothers were extremely high sensitive or low sensitive to their distress or those with late poor ability of delay gratification were at particular risk. The findings highlight the importance of matching parenting and promotion of self-control for temperamental withdrawn children's optimal development.
本研究采用纵向设计，考察了婴儿气质退缩与幼儿期行为问题之间的关系，并检验了中国城市家庭中母亲对婴儿痛苦的敏感性（MSID）和幼儿延迟满足能力（ADG）的调节作用。参与者为 84 名中国儿童（37 名男孩，47 名女孩）及其母亲。当婴儿 6 个月大（T1：婴儿期）时，母亲报告了他们的气质退缩，研究助理在自由游戏互动中使用母亲行为 Q 分类的一个子量表观察并编码 MSID。当幼儿 1 岁（T2：幼儿早期）时，母亲报告了他们的内化和外化问题。当幼儿 2 岁（T3：幼儿晚期）时，母亲再次报告了他们的内化和外化问题，并通过基于实验室的程序评估了他们延迟满足的能力。婴儿气质退缩与幼儿早期内化问题增加以及中晚期外化问题增加有关；母亲对其痛苦非常敏感或不敏感或幼儿延迟满足能力较差的婴儿尤其处于危险之中。研究结果强调了匹配育儿和促进自我控制对气质退缩儿童最佳发展的重要性。
