Smilanick J L, Mansour M F
USDA ARS, San Joaquin Agricultural Sciences Center, 9611 South Riverbend Avenue, Parlier, CA 93648.
Plant Dis. 2007 Aug;91(8):990-996. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-91-8-0990.
Longevity of conidia of Penicillium digitatum (cause of citrus green mold) and arthroconidia of Geotrichum citri-aurantii (cause of sour rot of citrus) was determined under controlled temperature and relative humidity (RH) or ambient summer conditions in central California. Longevity at low RH was longer than at high RH. Hours to kill 99% of the conidia (LT) of nine P. digitatum isolates were determined at 50°C and 75 or 95% RH. At 75 and 95% RH, the LT was 24.9 and 4.9 h, respectively. The LT was 30 and 42 days, respectively, for conidia of P. digitatum under ambient conditions at two outdoor locations. The LT of arthroconidia of G. citriaurantii from colonies cultured on potato dextrose agar was briefer than that of conidia of P. digitatum. At 45°C and 75 or 95% RH, the LT was about 4 and 2 h, respectively, whereas at 50°C, none was viable after 1 h at either humidity. Sanitation is an important practice for managing these diseases. Since there was little or no survival of either fungus after 1 day at 50°C and 75% RH or higher, we conclude that commercial sanitation could employ a similar regime.
在加利福尼亚州中部可控的温度和相对湿度（RH）条件下或夏季环境条件下，测定了指状青霉（柑橘绿霉病病原菌）分生孢子和橘地丝孢酵母（柑橘酸腐病病原菌）节孢子的存活期。低相对湿度下的存活期比高相对湿度下的长。在50°C以及75%或95%相对湿度条件下，测定了9株指状青霉分离株99%分生孢子致死所需时间（LT）。在75%和95%相对湿度条件下，LT分别为24.9小时和4.9小时。在两个室外地点的环境条件下，指状青霉分生孢子的LT分别为30天和42天。在马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂培养基上培养的菌落中，橘地丝孢酵母节孢子的LT比指状青霉分生孢子的短。在45°C以及75%或95%相对湿度条件下，LT分别约为4小时和2小时，而在50°C时，在任一湿度条件下1小时后均无存活。卫生处理是防治这些病害的重要措施。由于在50°C和75%相对湿度及以上条件下，两种真菌1天后几乎没有或没有存活，我们得出结论，商业卫生处理可采用类似的方式。
