Triky-Dotan Shachaf, Austerweil Miriam, Steiner Bracha, Peretz-Alon Yitzhak, Katan Jaacov, Gamliel Abraham
Laboratory for Pest Management Research, Institute of Agricultural Engineering, ARO, the Volcani Center, P.O. Box 6, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel.
Agricultural Committee, Maon Region Enterprises Israel.
Plant Dis. 2007 May;91(5):497-503. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-91-5-0497.
The fate of methyl isothiocyanate (MITC) was studied in agricultural soils following metam sodium (MS) application in a controlled system and under field conditions as it was related to disease control. Soil samples were collected from 34 field sites in Israel with no history of MS application. The generation and dissipation curves of MITC in these soils, under controlled conditions, varied significantly among the soils, as reflected by the concentration by time (C × T) product. This value was significantly related with the mortality level of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici as a test organism and sand content of the soils. Seven field experiments were conducted in potato fields from 2001 to 2004. The MS treatments significantly reduced Verticillium wilt incidence and severity in five and four experiments, respectively, out of seven. Combining MS with formalin was more effective for controlling disease than MS alone in most cases. A significant relationship was found between mortality of F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici in soil samples to which MS was applied under controlled conditions and the incidence of Verticillium wilt disease in the field, and between C × T products and the incidence of Verticillium wilt disease in the field. These tests can be used for preplant assessment of potential MS efficacy.
在可控系统和田间条件下，研究了威百亩（MS）施用于农业土壤后异硫氰酸甲酯（MITC）的归宿，因为它与病害防治相关。从以色列34个无MS施用历史的田间地点采集土壤样本。在可控条件下，这些土壤中MITC的生成和消散曲线在不同土壤间差异显著，这通过浓度随时间（C×T）乘积得以体现。该值与尖孢镰刀菌番茄根腐专化型作为测试生物体的死亡率以及土壤的砂含量显著相关。2001年至2004年在马铃薯田进行了七次田间试验。在七次试验中，MS处理分别在五次和四次试验中显著降低了黄萎病的发病率和严重程度。在大多数情况下，将MS与福尔马林结合使用比单独使用MS防治病害更有效。在可控条件下施用MS的土壤样本中尖孢镰刀菌番茄根腐专化型的死亡率与田间黄萎病的发病率之间，以及C×T乘积与田间黄萎病的发病率之间，均发现了显著关系。这些测试可用于种植前对MS潜在功效的评估。
