Department of Physiology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
Sci Rep. 2019 Feb 19;9(1):2232. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-37649-6.
Oxidative stress is a harmful factor for male reproductive function, and a major cause of infertility. On the other hand, fermented goat milk has positive effects on anemia recovery and mineral metabolism. This study evaluated the effect of feeding rats with fermented milks during anaemia recovery on molecular mechanisms linked to oxidative stress and inflammatory signalling in rats reproductive system. Forty male Wistar rats were placed on a pre-experimental period of 40 days (control group, receiving normal-Fe diet and Fe-deficient group, receiving low-Fe diet). Lately, rats were fed with fermented goat or cow milk-based diets during 30 days. After feeding the fermented milks, Total antioxidant status (TAS) and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) increased and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), 15-F2t-isoprostanes and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) decreased in testis. DNA oxidative damage in testis germ cells was lower with fermented goat milk. Fermented goat milk reduced IL-6 and TNF-α in control animals, increasing INF-γ in control and anaemic rats. NRF2 and PGC-1α protein levels increased in testis after fermented goat milk consumption in control and anaemic rats. Fermented goat milk also increased TAS and decreased oxidative damage, protecting the main testis cell bioconstituents (lipids, proteins, DNA, prostaglandins) from oxidative damage and reduced inflammatory activity, preventing injuries to testis germinal epithelium. Fermented goat milk enhanced lipolysis, fatty acids degradation and immune response, attenuating inflammatory signalling, representing a positive growth advantage for testicular cells.
氧化应激是男性生殖功能的有害因素，也是不育的主要原因。另一方面，发酵羊奶对贫血恢复和矿物质代谢有积极影响。本研究评估了在贫血恢复期间给大鼠喂食发酵乳对与氧化应激和炎症信号相关的分子机制的影响大鼠生殖系统。40 只雄性 Wistar 大鼠进行了 40 天的预实验期（对照组，接受正常铁饮食；缺铁组，接受低铁饮食）。之后，大鼠在 30 天内喂食发酵羊奶或牛奶。喂食发酵奶后，睾丸中总抗氧化状态（TAS）和非酯化脂肪酸（NEFA）增加，8-羟基-2'-脱氧鸟苷（8-OHdG）、15-F2t-异前列腺素和硫代巴比妥酸反应物质（TBARS）减少。睾丸生殖细胞的 DNA 氧化损伤在山羊奶发酵后较低。发酵羊奶降低了对照组动物的 IL-6 和 TNF-α，增加了对照组和贫血大鼠的 INF-γ。在对照组和贫血大鼠中，睾丸中 NRF2 和 PGC-1α 蛋白水平在食用发酵羊奶后增加。发酵羊奶还增加了 TAS，减少了氧化损伤，保护了睾丸主要细胞生物成分（脂质、蛋白质、DNA、前列腺素）免受氧化损伤，降低了炎症活性，防止了睾丸生殖上皮的损伤。发酵羊奶增强了脂肪分解、脂肪酸降解和免疫反应，减弱了炎症信号，为睾丸细胞提供了积极的生长优势。
