Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Student Research Committee, Department of Medical Genetics, Medical Genetics Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
J Cell Physiol. 2019 Aug;234(10):16824-16837. doi: 10.1002/jcp.28358. Epub 2019 Feb 19.
Over the course of past few years, cancer immunotherapy has been accompanied with promising results. However, preliminary investigations with respect to immunotherapy concentrated mostly on targeting the immune checkpoints, nowadays, emerge as the most efficient strategy to raise beneficial antitumor immune responses. Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) plays an important role in subsiding immune responses and promoting self-tolerance through suppressing the activity of T cells and promoting differentiation of regulatory T cells. PD-1 is considered as an immune checkpoint and protects against autoimmune responses through both induction of apoptosis in antigen-specific T cells and inhibiting apoptosis in regulatory T cells. Several clinical trials exerting PD-1 monoclonal antibodies as well as other immune-checkpoint blockades have had prosperous outcomes and opened new horizons in tumor immunotherapy. Nonetheless, a bulk of patients have failed to respond to these newly emerging immune-based approach and the survival rate was not satisfying. Additional strategies, especially combination therapies, has been initiated and been further promising. Attempts to identify novel and well-suited predictive biomarkers are also sensed. In this review, the promotion of cancer immunotherapy targeting PD-1 immunoinhibitory pathway is discussed.
在过去几年中，癌症免疫疗法取得了令人瞩目的成果。然而，最初的免疫疗法研究主要集中在针对免疫检查点上，而如今，这些研究已成为提高有益抗肿瘤免疫反应的最有效策略。程序性细胞死亡蛋白 1（PD-1）在抑制 T 细胞活性和促进调节性 T 细胞分化方面，通过抑制 T 细胞的活性和促进调节性 T 细胞的分化，在缓解免疫反应和促进自身耐受方面发挥着重要作用。PD-1 被认为是一种免疫检查点，通过诱导抗原特异性 T 细胞凋亡和抑制调节性 T 细胞凋亡来防止自身免疫反应。几项临床试验表明，使用 PD-1 单克隆抗体和其他免疫检查点阻断剂具有良好的效果，为肿瘤免疫治疗开辟了新的前景。然而，大量患者对这些新出现的免疫治疗方法没有反应，生存率也不令人满意。因此，已经启动了其他策略，特别是联合治疗，并显示出更大的前景。此外，还尝试识别新的、合适的预测性生物标志物。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了针对 PD-1 免疫抑制途径的癌症免疫疗法的进展。
