Clinical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
Adult Learning Disability Specialist Health Service, South West Yorkshire Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Barnsley, UK.
J Intellect Disabil Res. 2019 Sep;63(9):1158-1162. doi: 10.1111/jir.12610. Epub 2019 Feb 19.
Diagnoses of intellectual disability (ID) are based on three criteria: significant impairments in intellectual functioning, concurrent deficits in adaptive behaviour, and both being acquired in the developmental period. Adaptive behaviour was formally incorporated into the diagnosis in 1959; the rationale being that IQ and adaptive behaviour were different constructs that independently contribute to the diagnosis. However, there are limited data on the relationship between IQ and adaptive behaviour and especially so for adults who have ID. The aim of this study was to investigate this relationship on two widely used assessment tools: the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale - fourth edition (WAIS-IV) and the Vineland Adaptive Behaviour Scales (VABS).
Data were extracted from the case files of 147 adults who had a formal diagnosis of ID based on the WAIS-IV and VABS. Internal consistency was computed and compared to general population data. Correlations between the WAIS-IV and the VABS were computed.
Internal consistencies for the tests when used with adults who have ID were generally good. The correlations between the WAIS-IV and VABS composite and subdomain scores were all low and similar to those reported for the general population.
These results suggest that the WAIS-IV and VABS are measuring different constructs that contribute to the diagnosis of ID. Unfortunately, by the time such data have been collected, tests are being revised. The Vineland has now been revised and is in its third edition, but no data on the relationship between IQ and the VABS were collected during test development. The WAIS-V is now in development, and so it is recommended that such work be incorporated into this process or shortly thereafter to ensure that the tools continue to access independent constructs.
智力障碍 (ID) 的诊断基于三个标准：智力功能显著受损、适应行为同时存在缺陷，且两者均在发育期间获得。适应行为于 1959 年正式纳入诊断标准；其基本原理是智商和适应行为是不同的结构，它们独立地为诊断做出贡献。然而，关于智商和适应行为之间的关系的数据有限，特别是对于有 ID 的成年人。本研究的目的是使用两种广泛使用的评估工具：韦氏成人智力量表第四版 (WAIS-IV) 和文兰适应行为量表 (VABS) 来研究这种关系。
从根据 WAIS-IV 和 VABS 进行正式 ID 诊断的 147 名成年人的病例档案中提取数据。计算了内部一致性并与一般人群数据进行了比较。计算了 WAIS-IV 和 VABS 之间的相关性。
当用于 ID 成年人时，这些测试的内部一致性通常都很好。WAIS-IV 和 VABS 综合和子域得分之间的相关性均较低，与一般人群报告的相关性相似。
这些结果表明，WAIS-IV 和 VABS 正在测量不同的结构，这些结构有助于 ID 的诊断。不幸的是，当收集到此类数据时，测试正在进行修订。文兰现在已经修订并进入第三版，但在测试开发过程中没有收集关于智商和 VABS 之间关系的数据。WAIS-V 正在开发中，因此建议在此过程中或之后不久纳入此类工作，以确保这些工具继续获取独立的结构。
