Mazzola Mark, Mullinix Kent
United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Tree Fruit Research Laboratory, Wenatchee, WA 98801.
Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Washington State University, Wenatchee 98801.
Plant Dis. 2005 Nov;89(11):1207-1213. doi: 10.1094/PD-89-1207.
Alternative management strategies to the use of preplant soil fumigation for the control of apple replant disease (ARD), including cover crops and strategies incorporating Brassica napus seed meal (rape seed meal [RSM]) amendment as the central component, were evaluated in the orchard. A 1-year wheat cover crop consisting of three short-term cropping periods with plant material removed at the end of each growth period and a 3-year B. napus green manure significantly enhanced vegetative growth and yield of Gala/M26. However, in each instance, the resulting disease control and growth response were inferior to that achieved through preplant methyl bromide soil fumigation. A 3-year bare fallow and 1- or 2-year B. napus green manure neither suppressed disease development nor enhanced tree growth. Preplant RSM amendment in conjunction with a postplant mefenoxam soil drench provided effective suppression of ARD, and the resulting tree growth and yield were comparable with that attained in response to 1,3- dichloropropene-chloropicrin fumigation in one orchard. At a second orchard, the growth response attained with the alternative treatment was inferior to preplant soil fumigation, which was associated with an apparent re-infestation of RSM-treated soils and tree roots by Pratylenchus spp. Application of RSM after wheat cropping or in conjunction with soil solarization provided an intermediate level of disease control and a corresponding reduction in growth and yield of apple relative to preplant fumigation at both sites.
在果园中评估了用于控制苹果再植病（ARD）的替代管理策略，以替代种植前土壤熏蒸，包括覆盖作物以及以甘蓝型油菜籽粕（油菜籽粕[RSM]）改良为核心成分的策略。为期1年的小麦覆盖作物由三个短期种植期组成，在每个生长季结束时移除植物材料，以及为期3年的甘蓝型油菜绿肥显著促进了嘎啦/M26的营养生长和产量。然而，在每种情况下，所产生的病害控制和生长反应均不如种植前甲基溴土壤熏蒸所达到的效果。为期3年的休耕以及1年或2年的甘蓝型油菜绿肥既没有抑制病害发展，也没有促进树木生长。种植前RSM改良结合种植后甲霜灵土壤浇灌可有效抑制ARD，所产生的树木生长和产量与一个果园中1,3 - 二氯丙烯 - 氯化苦熏蒸所达到的效果相当。在第二个果园中，替代处理所获得的生长反应不如种植前土壤熏蒸，这与RSM处理的土壤和树根明显被短体线虫属再侵染有关。在两个地点，小麦种植后施用RSM或与土壤太阳能消毒结合使用，相对于种植前熏蒸，提供了中等水平的病害控制以及相应的苹果生长和产量降低。
