Landa Blanca B, Navas-Cortés Juan A, Del Mar Jiménez-Gasco María, Katan Jaacov, Retig Baruch, Jiménez-Díaz Rafael M
College of Agriculture (ETSIAM), University of Córdoba (UCO), P.O. Box 3048, 14080 Córdoba, Spain.
Institute of Sustainable Agriculture (IAS), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), P.O. Box 4084, 14080 Córdoba, Spain.
Plant Dis. 2006 Mar;90(3):365-374. doi: 10.1094/PD-90-0365.
Use of resistant cultivars and adjustment of sowing dates are important measures for management of Fusarium wilt in chickpeas (Cicer arietinum). In this study, we examined the effect of temperature on resistance of chickpea cultivars to Fusarium wilt caused by various races of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris. Greenhouse experiments indicated that the chickpea cultivar Ayala was moderately resistant to F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceris when inoculated plants were maintained at a day/night temperature regime of 24/21°C but was highly susceptible to the pathogen at 27/25°C. Field experiments in Israel over three consecutive years indicated that the high level of resistance of Ayala to Fusarium wilt when sown in mid- to late January differed from a moderately susceptible reaction under warmer temperatures when sowing was delayed to late February or early March. Experiments in growth chambers showed that a temperature increase of 3°C from 24 to 27°C was sufficient for the resistance reaction of cultivars Ayala and PV-1 to race 1A of the pathogen to shift from moderately or highly resistant at constant 24°C to highly susceptible at 27°C. A similar but less pronounced effect was found when Ayala plants were inoculated with F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceris race 6. Conversely, the reaction of cultivar JG-62 to races 1A and 6 was not influenced by temperature, but less disease developed on JG-62 plants inoculated with a variant of race 5 of F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceris at 27°C compared with plants inoculated at 24°C. These results indicate the importance of appropriate adjustment of temperature in tests for characterizing the resistance reactions of chickpea cultivars to the pathogen, as well as when determining the races of isolates of F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceris. Results from this study may influence choice of sowing date and use of chickpea cultivars for management of Fusarium wilt of chickpea.
使用抗病品种和调整播种日期是鹰嘴豆（Cicer arietinum）枯萎病防治的重要措施。在本研究中，我们研究了温度对鹰嘴豆品种对尖孢镰刀菌鹰嘴豆专化型不同小种引起的枯萎病抗性的影响。温室试验表明，鹰嘴豆品种阿亚拉在接种植株维持在24/21°C的日/夜温度条件下对尖孢镰刀菌鹰嘴豆专化型表现为中度抗性，但在27/25°C时对该病原菌高度敏感。以色列连续三年的田间试验表明，1月中旬至下旬播种时阿亚拉对枯萎病的高抗性水平与2月下旬或3月初播种时在较温暖温度下的中度敏感反应不同。生长室试验表明，温度从24°C升高3°C至27°C足以使阿亚拉和PV-1品种对病原菌1A小种的抗性反应从24°C恒温下的中度或高度抗性转变为27°C时的高度敏感。当阿亚拉植株接种尖孢镰刀菌鹰嘴豆专化型6号小种时，发现了类似但不太明显的效果。相反，品种JG-62对1A和6号小种的反应不受温度影响，但与在24°C接种的植株相比，在27°C接种尖孢镰刀菌鹰嘴豆专化型5号小种变体的JG-62植株上病害发生较少。这些结果表明，在鉴定鹰嘴豆品种对病原菌的抗性反应试验以及确定尖孢镰刀菌鹰嘴豆专化型分离株小种时，适当调节温度很重要。本研究结果可能会影响鹰嘴豆枯萎病防治中播种日期的选择和鹰嘴豆品种的使用。
