Barts Cancer Institute, London, UK.
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2021;430:183-198. doi: 10.1007/82_2019_155.
Pancreatic cancer has a dismal prognosis for patients due to late diagnosis and ineffective treatment options. There is a desperate need for more accurate disease models to enable improved therapies and diagnostic tests to reach the clinic. Pancreatic tumours have a high content of desmoplastic stroma, which forms a stiff, hypoxic tumour mass and contributes significantly to tumour development and metastatic spread. Therefore, 2D cell culture is not sufficient for understanding the complex biology of this disease. 3D in vitro models offer a more representative method of culturing cells for research in the laboratory. There are many different 3D models that can be used in research, organoids formed from patient or murine tumours are grown embedded in collagen or matrigel matrices, giving the potential for screening treatment options and personalised therapy in the future. Also, organotypic models using pancreatic cancer cell lines and stromal cells can be easily manipulated to study different aspects of pancreatic cancer and new therapeutic options in the laboratory. There are new emerging pancreatic cancer 3D models being developed, including microchip technology or synthetic scaffolds instead collagen and matrigel. All of these 3D culturing methods give an advantage over traditional 2D cell culture and could lead to improved understanding of this disease, translating to a better prognosis for patients in the clinic.
由于诊断较晚和治疗方法效果不佳，胰腺癌患者的预后较差。因此，非常需要更准确的疾病模型，以推动改进的治疗方法和诊断测试进入临床应用。胰腺肿瘤含有丰富的纤维组织基质，形成坚硬、缺氧的肿瘤块，这对肿瘤的发展和转移扩散有重大影响。因此，二维细胞培养不足以理解这种疾病的复杂生物学特性。三维体外模型为实验室中的细胞研究提供了一种更具代表性的培养方法。有许多不同的三维模型可用于研究，从患者或鼠肿瘤中形成的类器官在胶原或基质胶基质中生长，这为未来筛选治疗方案和个性化治疗提供了可能。此外，使用胰腺癌细胞系和基质细胞的器官型模型可以很容易地在实验室中进行操作，以研究胰腺癌的不同方面和新的治疗选择。目前正在开发新的胰腺癌三维模型，包括微芯片技术或合成支架，而不是胶原和基质胶。所有这些三维培养方法都优于传统的二维细胞培养，可以帮助我们更好地理解这种疾病，从而改善临床患者的预后。
