Nascimento Elielton, Cavalcanti ThaynÃ, Pinheiro Ulisses
Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.
Zootaxa. 2019 Feb 12;4555(2):291-295. doi: 10.11646/zootaxa.4555.2.12.
Acanthella Schmidt, 1862 species are characterized by choanosomal skeleton of dendritic tracts cored by interwoven sinuously bent strongyles or strongyloxeas and echinated by straight styles, oxeas or anisoxeas (Van Soest et al. 2002). The genus Acanthella comprises 33 valid species, with six known from the Atlantic Ocean (Van Soest et al. 2018). Previously, the only record for Brazil was A. flagelliformis (Van Soest Stentoft, 1988) (Muricy 2018). Species of the genus include a transition from shrub like 'Axinellas' and herbaceous species similar to the genus Suberites Nardo, 1833 (Schmidt 1862; Vosmaer 1912). Due to its heterogeneous complex of species, Acanthella has been confused with other axinellids. Similarities were seen in genera such as Phakellia (Van Soest et al. 2002), which shares spicule complement and comparable choanosomal skeletons. In the present study, we describe a new species of Acanthella from oceanographic expeditions of the northeast region of Brazil. Two specimens of Acanthella sp. nov. were collected by dredging at Ceará and Pernambuco State, Brazil. All specimens were preserved in 92% ethanol and deposited in the Porifera Collections at the Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPEPOR). The taxonomic identification was carried out through analysis of spicules morphologies, using Light Microscopy (LM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), following methods described by Hajdu et al. (2011).
1862年的棘海绵属物种的特征是，其海绵体骨骼为树枝状管道，由交织在一起的、呈蜿蜒弯曲的强壮骨针或强壮异骨针构成核心，并被直的骨针、单尖骨针或异尖骨针所覆盖（范·索斯特等人，2002年）。棘海绵属包含33个有效物种，其中6个已知分布于大西洋（范·索斯特等人，2018年）。此前，巴西的唯一记录物种是鞭状棘海绵（范·索斯特和斯滕托夫特，1988年）（穆里西，2018年）。该属物种包括从类似灌木的“轴海绵属”物种到类似于1833年的软海绵属物种的草本物种的过渡类型（施密特，1862年；沃斯迈尔，1912年）。由于其物种的异质性复合体，棘海绵属一直与其他轴海绵科动物混淆。在诸如噬海绵属（范·索斯特等人，2002年）等属中也发现了相似之处，该属具有相同的骨针组合和类似的海绵体骨骼。在本研究中，我们描述了一种来自巴西东北部海洋考察的新棘海绵属物种。两个棘海绵属新物种标本是通过在巴西塞阿拉州和伯南布哥州的疏浚采集到的。所有标本都保存在92%的乙醇中，并存放在伯南布哥联邦大学的多孔动物标本馆（UFPEPOR）。分类鉴定是通过使用光学显微镜（LM）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）分析骨针形态来进行的，遵循哈伊杜等人（2011年）描述的方法。
