Jin Y
Cereal Disease Laboratory, USDA-ARS, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108.
Plant Dis. 2005 Oct;89(10):1125-1127. doi: 10.1094/PD-89-1125.
Stem rust of small grain cereals, caused by Puccinia graminis, is a major disease of wheat, barley, and oat. In order to effectively utilize stem rust resistance in the improvement of small grain cereals, it is necessary to monitor the virulence composition and dynamics in the stem rust population. Races of P. graminis from barberry, wheat, barley, and oat were surveyed across the United States during 2003. Aecial infections on barberry were primarily due to P. graminis f. sp. secalis, as inoculations using aeciospores failed to produce infection on wheat and oat. Race QFCS of P. graminis f. sp. tritici was the most common race identified from wheat and barley. Race QFCS has virulence on stem rust resistance genes Sr5, 8a, 9a, 9d, 9g, 10, 17, and 21 that are used for race identification. Race TTTT was identified in 2003. This race possesses virulence to all 16 stem rust resistance genes present in the wheat stem rust differentials and should be targeted in breeding for stem rust resistance. Race QFCN appeared to be a new race in the U.S. stem rust population. Races QCCJ and MCCF were identified, but at low frequencies. Seven races of P. graminis f. sp. avenae were identified from oat, and races NA-27, NA-29, and NA-67 were the predominant races. Race NA-76 was identified for the first time in the United States.
由禾柄锈菌引起的小粒谷物秆锈病是小麦、大麦和燕麦的一种主要病害。为了在小粒谷物改良中有效利用秆锈病抗性，有必要监测秆锈菌群体中的毒性组成和动态变化。2003年在美国对来自伏牛花、小麦、大麦和燕麦的禾柄锈菌小种进行了调查。伏牛花上的春孢子器感染主要是由禾柄锈菌小麦变种引起的，因为用春孢子进行接种未能在小麦和燕麦上产生感染。禾柄锈菌小麦变种的QFCS小种是从小麦和大麦中鉴定出的最常见小种。QFCS小种对用于小种鉴定的秆锈病抗性基因Sr5、8a、9a、9d、9g、10、17和21具有毒性。2003年鉴定出了TTTT小种。该小种对小麦秆锈病鉴别寄主中存在的所有16个秆锈病抗性基因都具有毒性，在秆锈病抗性育种中应将其作为目标。QFCN小种似乎是美国秆锈菌群体中的一个新小种。鉴定出了QCCJ和MCCF小种，但频率较低。从燕麦中鉴定出了7个禾柄锈菌燕麦变种小种，NA - 27、NA - 29和NA - 67小种是优势小种。NA - 76小种是在美国首次鉴定出的。
