Cavallo G
Istituto di Microbiologia Università di Torino.
G Batteriol Virol Immunol. 1988 Jan-Dec;81(1-12):96-116.
After a short introduction on bacterial resistance to the antibiotics and on the importance of the problem of emergence of the resistant strains, the mechanisms responsible are discussed. There are three major ways by which bacteria resist beta-lactam antibiotics; these include: altered outer membrane permeability, production of beta-lactamase and diminished affinity of the PbPs. Production of beta-lactamase is by far the most frequently encountered; for this reason there has been a major effort in the past 20 year to design new beta-lactam antibiotics, but on the other side bacteria elaborate constantly new strategies against new antibiotics. Moreover the use of antibacterial agents over the past half century has elicited a widespread deployment of genes for resistance in population of bacteria throughout the world and is conditioning the evolution of microbes.
在简短介绍了细菌对抗生素的耐药性以及耐药菌株出现问题的重要性之后，讨论了其背后的机制。细菌对抗β-内酰胺类抗生素有三种主要方式；这些方式包括：外膜通透性改变、β-内酰胺酶的产生以及青霉素结合蛋白（PBPs）亲和力降低。β-内酰胺酶的产生是迄今为止最常见的；因此，在过去20年里人们付出了巨大努力来设计新的β-内酰胺类抗生素，但另一方面，细菌也在不断制定针对新抗生素的新策略。此外，在过去半个世纪中，抗菌剂的使用促使耐药基因在全世界的细菌群体中广泛传播，并正在影响微生物的进化。
