de Cara M, Fernández E J, Blanco R, Tello Marquina J C, Estrada F J, Montoya S
Universidad de Almería, Departamento de Producción Vegetal. La Cañada de San Urbano s/n. 04120 Almería, Spain.
Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Facultad de Agronomía, Mexico.
Plant Dis. 2004 Dec;88(12):1383. doi: 10.1094/PDIS.2004.88.12.1383C.
During the winters of 2002 and 2003, a wilt occurred in melons cultivated on 1,500 ha in Colima State, Mexico. Yield losses reached 25% of final production, despite soil disinfestation with 60% methyl bromide and 40% chloropicrin. On the basis of the observation of plants with necrotic xylem, yellowing, and wilting of leaves, this disease was identified provisionally as Fusarium wilt. During February 2003, four soil samples from affected fields were plated onto a Fusarium-selective medium (1), which resulted in the detection of 2,260 ± 357, 179 ± 76, 668 ± 357, and 1,391 ± 256 CFU/g of F. oxysporum (3). Thirty-one randomly chosen isolates were used to inoculate differential cultivars of melon as described by Risser et al. (4). The cultivars were Amarillo Canario (susceptible to all races), Diana (resistant to races 0 and 2), Tango (resistant to races 0 and 1), and Vulcano (resistant to races 0, 1, and 2) (2). Ten plants of each cultivar, grown on sterilized vermiculite, were inoculated at the first true-leaf stage by drenching with 200 ml of a conidial suspension (1 × 10 CFU/ml) of each isolate. Noninoculated plants of each cultivar served as controls. Plants were maintained in a growth chamber with a 16-h photoperiod (18 × 10 lux) and temperatures at 23 to 25°C. Yellowing, wilt, and vascular discoloration symptoms developed on cvs. Amarillo Canario and Diana following inoculation with each of the 31 isolates, while noninoculated plants remained symptomless. F. oxysporum was consistently reisolated on potato dextrose agar from the affected plants. On the basis of the combination of affected cultivars, all isolates were identified as F. oxysporum f. sp. melonis race 1. To our knowledge, this is the first report of F. oxysporum f. sp. melonis race 1 in Colima State, Mexico. References: (1) H. Komada. Rev. Plant Prot. Res. 8:114, 1975. (2) J. Marín Rodríquez. Portagrano 2004. Vadmecum de Variedades Hortícolas. Agrobook, Spain. 2004. (3) P. E. Nelson et al. Fusarium Species: An Illustrated Manual for Identification. Pennsylvania State University Press, University Park, 1983. (4) G. Risser et al. Phytopathology 66:1105, 1976.
在2002年和2003年冬季，墨西哥科利马州1500公顷种植的甜瓜发生了枯萎病。尽管用60%的甲基溴和40%的氯化苦进行了土壤消毒，但产量损失仍达到最终产量的25%。基于对具有坏死木质部、叶片发黄和枯萎的植株的观察，这种病害被初步鉴定为镰刀菌枯萎病。2003年2月，从受影响田地采集了4份土壤样本，接种到一种镰刀菌选择性培养基上（1），结果检测到每克土壤中有2260±357、179±76、668±357和1391±256个尖孢镰刀菌菌落形成单位（3）。按照里瑟等人（4）所述方法，使用31个随机挑选的分离株接种甜瓜的鉴别品种。这些品种有阿马里洛·卡纳里奥（对所有小种敏感）、戴安娜（对0号和2号小种抗性）、探戈（对0号和1号小种抗性）和火山（对0号、1号和2号小种抗性）（2）。每个品种在灭菌蛭石上生长的10株植株，在第一片真叶期通过浇灌200毫升每种分离株的分生孢子悬浮液（1×10菌落形成单位/毫升）进行接种。每个品种未接种的植株作为对照。植株置于光照周期为16小时（18×10勒克斯）、温度为23至25°C的生长室中。接种31个分离株中的每一个后，阿马里洛·卡纳里奥和戴安娜品种出现了叶片发黄、枯萎和维管束变色症状，而未接种的植株无症状。从受影响植株上在马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂上持续重新分离到尖孢镰刀菌。根据受影响品种的组合，所有分离株被鉴定为尖孢镰刀菌甜瓜专化型1号小种。据我们所知，这是墨西哥科利马州尖孢镰刀菌甜瓜专化型1号小种的首次报道。参考文献：（1）H. 小田。植物保护研究杂志8：114，1975年。（2）J. 马林·罗德里格斯。《Portagrano 2004. 园艺品种手册》。西班牙农业图书出版社，2004年。（3）P. E. 纳尔逊等人。《镰刀菌属：鉴定图谱手册》。宾夕法尼亚州立大学出版社，大学园，1983年。（4）G. 里瑟等人。植物病理学66：1105，1976年。
