Anikster Y, Manisterski J, Long D L, Leonard K J
Institute for Cereal Crops Improvement, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Israel.
U.S. Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service, Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108.
Plant Dis. 2005 Jan;89(1):55-62. doi: 10.1094/PD-89-0055.
A total of 742 single plant accessions of Triticum dicoccoides were collected from 26 locations in Israel. All accessions were evaluated for leaf rust (Puccinia triticina) resistance in field plots at Tel Aviv, and subsets of 284 and 468 accessions were tested in the greenhouse in Tel Aviv and St. Paul, MN, respectively, for seedling resistance to leaf rust; 460 accessions were also tested for seedling resistance to stem rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici) in St. Paul. One accession was highly resistant to leaf rust in seedling tests in Tel Aviv, and 21 others had moderately susceptible to moderately resistant seedling resistance. Four accessions were highly resistant to leaf rust in seedling tests in St. Paul, and 11 were resistant to at least one stem rust race. Adult resistance to leaf rust was more common than seedling resistance among the accessions; 21 accessions had less than 25% leaf rust severity in field plots compared with 80 to 90% severity for highly susceptible accessions. Most of the accessions with effective adult plant resistance came from two nearby locations in Upper Galilee, a region where populations of T. dicoccoides are most extensive and genetically diverse. These accessions may provide valuable new partial resistance genes for durable protection against leaf rust in cultivated wheat.
从以色列的26个地点共收集了742份野生二粒小麦单株材料。所有材料均在特拉维夫的田间小区中对叶锈病（小麦叶锈菌）抗性进行了评估，分别从284份和468份材料中选取部分材料，在特拉维夫的温室以及明尼苏达州圣保罗市的温室中对叶锈病的苗期抗性进行了测试；460份材料还在圣保罗市对茎锈病（小麦秆锈菌）的苗期抗性进行了测试。在特拉维夫的苗期测试中，有1份材料对叶锈病表现为高抗，另外21份材料对叶锈病的苗期抗性为中感至中抗。在圣保罗市的苗期测试中，有4份材料对叶锈病表现为高抗，11份材料对至少一种茎锈菌生理小种具有抗性。在这些材料中，成株期对叶锈病的抗性比苗期抗性更为常见；与高感材料80%至90%的严重度相比，有21份材料在田间小区中叶锈病严重度低于25%。大多数具有有效成株抗性的材料来自上加利利附近的两个地点，该地区是野生二粒小麦种群最为广泛且遗传多样性最高的区域。这些材料可能为栽培小麦持久抵御叶锈病提供有价值的新的部分抗性基因。
