Baumgartner Kendra
Research Plant Pathologist, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Davis, CA 95616.
Plant Dis. 2004 Nov;88(11):1235-1240. doi: 10.1094/PDIS.2004.88.11.1235.
Root collar excavation for control of Armillaria root disease of grapevine was investigated in two California vineyards (vineyard K1 and vineyard N1) from 2002 to 2004. The hypothesis tested was that root collar excavation, when timed in early stages of root collar infection, may cause mycelial fans of the pathogen Armillaria mellea to recede from the root collar before severe disease results from vascular tissue decay. In vineyard N1, excavation significantly increased yield and cluster weight of symptomatic grapevines; symptomatic-excavated grapevines had the same high mean cluster weight as healthy grapevines, and there were no significant effects of excavation on yield or pruning weight of healthy grapevines. In vineyard K1, where excavated root collars frequently refilled with soil, excavation had no significant effects on yield or pruning weight of symptomatic grapevines, and significantly reduced pruning weight and shoot weight of healthy grapevines. Reexamination in March 2004 revealed that mycelial fans had receded from root collars of symptomatic-excavated grapevines, but remained on root collars of symptomatic-nonexcavated grapevines. Root collar excavation appears to be a promising cultural approach for control of Armillaria root disease, as long as excavated root collars are kept clear of soil.
2002年至2004年期间，在加利福尼亚州的两个葡萄园（葡萄园K1和葡萄园N1）对通过挖掘根颈来控制葡萄蜜环菌根病进行了研究。所检验的假设是，在根颈感染的早期阶段进行根颈挖掘，可能会使病原菌蜜环菌的菌丝扇在维管组织腐烂导致严重病害之前从根颈处消退。在葡萄园N1中，挖掘显著提高了有症状葡萄藤的产量和果穗重量；有症状且经挖掘处理的葡萄藤的平均果穗重量与健康葡萄藤相同，并且挖掘对健康葡萄藤的产量或修剪重量没有显著影响。在葡萄园K1中，挖掘后的根颈经常被土壤重新填满，挖掘对有症状葡萄藤的产量或修剪重量没有显著影响，并且显著降低了健康葡萄藤的修剪重量和新梢重量。2004年3月的重新检查发现，菌丝扇已从有症状且经挖掘处理的葡萄藤的根颈处消退，但仍留在有症状且未挖掘处理的葡萄藤的根颈上。只要挖掘后的根颈不被土壤覆盖，根颈挖掘似乎是一种很有前景的防治蜜环菌根病的栽培方法。
