Kedves Orsolya, Shahab Danish, Champramary Simang, Chen Liqiong, Indic Boris, Bóka Bettina, Nagy Viktor Dávid, Vágvölgyi Csaba, Kredics László, Sipos György
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics Group, Research Center for Forestry and Wood Industry, University of Sopron, Bajcsy-Zsilinszky str. 4., H-9400 Sopron, Hungary.
Pathogens. 2021 Jan 16;10(1):76. doi: 10.3390/pathogens10010076.
Armillarioids, including the genera , and , represent white-rot specific fungal saprotrophs with soilborne pathogenic potentials on woody hosts. They propagate in the soil by root-like rhizomorphs, connecting between susceptible root sections of their hosts, and often forming extended colonies in native forests. Pathogenic abilities of and genets can readily manifest in compromised hosts, or hosts with full vigour can be invaded by virulent mycelia when exposed to a larger number of newly formed genets. Armillaria root rot-related symptoms are indicators of ecological imbalances in native forests and plantations at the rhizosphere levels, often related to abiotic environmental threats, and most likely unfavourable changes in the microbiome compositions in the interactive zone of the roots. The less-studied biotic impacts that contribute to armillarioid host infection include fungi and insects, as well as forest conditions. On the other hand, negative biotic impactors, like bacterial communities, antagonistic fungi, nematodes and plant-derived substances may find applications in the environment-friendly, biological control of armillarioid root diseases, which can be used instead of, or in combination with the classical, but frequently problematic silvicultural and chemical control measures.
蜜环菌属类真菌，包括蜜环菌属、小蜜环菌属和奥氏蜜环菌属，是具有白腐特性的真菌腐生菌，对木本寄主具有土传致病潜力。它们通过根状菌索在土壤中繁殖，连接寄主易感染的根部区域，并经常在原生森林中形成扩展菌落。蜜环菌属和奥氏蜜环菌属的致病能力在受损害的寄主中很容易显现，或者当活力旺盛的寄主接触到大量新形成的菌株时，也可能被强毒菌丝体侵入。蜜环菌根腐病相关症状是原生森林和种植园根际水平生态失衡的指标，通常与非生物环境威胁有关，很可能是根系交互区域微生物群落组成的不利变化。对蜜环菌属寄主感染有影响但研究较少的生物因素包括真菌、昆虫以及森林环境。另一方面，像细菌群落、拮抗真菌、线虫和植物衍生物质等负面生物影响因素，可能在蜜环菌根病的环境友好型生物防治中得到应用，可替代传统但常常存在问题的造林和化学防治措施，或与之结合使用。
