Levy C
Plant Pathologist, Commercial Farmers Union of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe.
Plant Dis. 2005 Jun;89(6):669-674. doi: 10.1094/PD-89-0669.
Phakopsora pachyrhizi was discovered on soybeans in Uganda in 1996. This was the initial confirmation of the pathogen on soybeans in Africa, although there had been earlier unsubstantiated listings on other legumes. Thereafter, it was wind-dispersed southward to Rwanda, Zimbabwe, and Zambia in February 1998, where it severely damaged commercial plantings. It also devastated small-scale fields in eastern Nigeria at about this time. Rust continued its southward movement to southern Mozambique in early 2000, and into eastern South Africa in March 2001. By early 2003, substantial losses were being reported from western Cameroon. Scientists in Zimbabwe and South Africa have coordinated their research to combat the pathogen and have developed a strategy based on the effective, economical use of fungicides and the development of resistant germ plasm. The chemical and spraying recommendations resulting from field studies are discussed in relation to their practicalities, and a preliminary analysis of the meteorological data recorded will show the fundamental factors that influence the development of an epidemic.
1996年，在乌干达的大豆上发现了大豆锈病菌。这是该病原菌在非洲大豆上的首次确认，尽管此前曾有未经证实的报道称其存在于其他豆科植物上。此后，1998年2月，它通过风力向南传播至卢旺达、津巴布韦和赞比亚，在那里严重破坏了商业种植园。大约在同一时间，它也摧毁了尼日利亚东部的小规模农田。2000年初，锈病继续向南蔓延至莫桑比克南部，并于2001年3月进入南非东部。到2003年初，喀麦隆西部报告了大量损失。津巴布韦和南非的科学家协调了他们对抗该病原菌的研究，并制定了一项基于有效、经济使用杀菌剂和培育抗性种质资源的战略。文中讨论了田间研究得出的化学药剂和喷洒建议的实用性，并对记录的气象数据进行了初步分析，以揭示影响病害流行发展的基本因素。
