Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol. 2020;172:53-84. doi: 10.1007/10_2018_84.
Alkaliphilic microorganisms are ubiquitous and inhabit various econiches on Earth. Alkaline environments suitable for alkaliphilic microbial communities may be created by certain geological processes or human activities. Moreover, a significant contribution to the emergence of alkaline conditions may be due to the activity of neutralophilic microorganisms through certain reactions, which explains the widespread distribution of alkaliphiles. Alkaliphilic microorganisms are part of extremophiles and become interesting and useful in environmental and industrial microbiology. With increasing knowledge of alkaliphiles, we greatly increase their biotechnological and industrial application potential. New microorganisms from natural habitats serve as a practically endless source of new enzymes. This chapter summarizes the scattered data on alkaliphiles isolated from habitats other than soda lakes. The conditions for occurrence of alkaline habitats are also considered. Moreover, the chapter reviews some important features on preparation of media for the isolation and cultivation of alkaliphiles. The chapter also includes relevant information on chromatographic analysis of alkaliphiles culture. Graphical Abstract.
嗜碱性微生物无处不在,栖息在地球的各种生态位中。某些地质过程或人类活动可能会产生适合嗜碱性微生物群落的碱性环境。此外,通过某些反应,中性微生物的活动可能会对碱性条件的出现做出重大贡献,这解释了嗜碱性微生物的广泛分布。嗜碱性微生物是极端微生物的一部分,在环境和工业微生物学中变得有趣和有用。随着对嗜碱性微生物的了解不断增加,它们在生物技术和工业应用方面的潜力大大增加。来自自然栖息地的新微生物是新酶的实际无尽来源。本章总结了从苏打湖以外的栖息地分离出的嗜碱性微生物的分散数据。还考虑了碱性栖息地发生的条件。此外,本章还回顾了用于分离和培养嗜碱性微生物的培养基的一些重要特性。本章还包括有关嗜碱性微生物培养物色谱分析的相关信息。