Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland.
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Equine Clinic - Equine Surgery, Justus-Liebig-University, 35392, Gießen, Germany.
Stem Cell Rev Rep. 2019 Jun;15(3):374-390. doi: 10.1007/s12015-019-09875-6.
Osteochondrosis (osteochondrosis dissecans; OCD) is a disease syndrome of growing cartilage related to different clinical entities such as epiphysitis, subchondral cysts and angular carpal deformities, which occurs in growing animals of all species, including horses. Nowadays, these disorders are affecting increasing numbers of young horses worldwide. As a complex multifactorial disease, OCD is initiated when failure in cartilage canals because of existing ischemia, chondrocyte biogenesis impairment as well as biochemical and genetic disruptions occur. Recently, particular attention have been accorded to the definition of possible relations between OCD and some metabolic disorders; in this way, implication of mitochondrial dysfunctions, endoplasmic reticulum disruptions, oxidative stress or endocrinological affections are among the most considered axes for future researches. As one of the most frequent cause of impaired orthopaedic potential, which may result in a sharp decrease in athletic performances of the affected animals, and lead to the occurrence of complications such as joint fragility and laminitis, OCD remains as one of the primary causes of considerable economic losses in all sections of the equine industry. It would therefore be important to provide more information on the exact pathophysiological mechanism(s) underlying early OC(D) lesions, in order to implement innovative strategies involving the use of progenitor stem cells, which are considered nowadays as a promising approach to regenerative medicine, with the potential to treat numerous orthopaedic disorders, including osteo-degenerative diseases, for prevention and reduction of incidence of the disease, not only in horses, but also in human medicine, as the equine model is already widely accepted by the scientific community and approved by the FDA, for the research and application of cellular therapies in the treatment of human conditions.
骨软骨病（骨软骨病游离体； OCD）是一种与不同临床实体相关的生长软骨疾病综合征，如骨骺炎、软骨下囊肿和腕骨角状畸形，发生在所有物种的生长动物中，包括马。如今，这些疾病在全球范围内越来越多地影响到年轻马。作为一种复杂的多因素疾病，OCD 是由于软骨管中的衰竭而发生的，这种衰竭是由于存在缺血、软骨细胞生成障碍以及生化和遗传紊乱引起的。最近，人们特别关注 OCD 与某些代谢紊乱之间可能存在的关系的定义；在这种情况下，线粒体功能障碍、内质网紊乱、氧化应激或内分泌影响的暗示是未来研究中最被考虑的轴之一。作为最常见的影响骨科潜力的原因之一，这可能导致受影响动物的运动表现急剧下降，并导致关节脆弱和蹄叶炎等并发症的发生，OCD 仍然是马业各个领域造成巨大经济损失的主要原因之一。因此，提供更多关于早期 OC(D)病变背后的确切病理生理机制的信息非常重要，以便实施涉及祖细胞的创新策略，这些细胞被认为是再生医学的一种有前途的方法，具有治疗许多骨科疾病的潜力，包括骨退行性疾病，以预防和减少疾病的发病率，不仅在马中，而且在人类医学中，因为马模型已经被科学界广泛接受，并被 FDA 批准用于细胞治疗在人类疾病治疗中的研究和应用。
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