Department of Entomology, Comstock Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY.
Department of Entomology, Cornell AgriTech, Geneva, NY.
J Econ Entomol. 2019 May 22;112(3):1498-1501. doi: 10.1093/jee/toz039.
Sour rot is a complex disease of grapes caused by an interaction of yeast, acetic acid bacteria, and Drosophila spp. Application of insecticides (most commonly zeta-cypermethrin) targeting Drosophila has previously provided substantial control of sour rot in wine grapes of New York vineyards. In harvest season of 2018, a control failure of sour rot and high populations of Drosophila, mostly Drosophila melanogaster, were observed in a vineyard in the Finger Lakes region, NY, despite repeated applications of zeta-cypermethrin (Mustang Maxx). To determine if resistance was responsible for the control failure, we quantified the toxicity of zeta-cypermethrin and the four other insecticides registered for Drosophila control in NY vineyards. Diagnostic concentrations (susceptible strain LC95, 4 × LC95, and 16 × LC95) were used to evaluate percentage survival of the field flies relative to the susceptible Canton-S strain. Resistance to zeta-cypermethrin, acetamiprid, and malathion, but not to spinosad and spinetoram, was observed in the field-collected flies. This study provides evidence that insecticide resistance of Drosophila is associated with control failure of sour rot in some vineyards, and directly influencing grape production. The implications of these results to insecticide resistance monitoring and management are discussed.
酸腐病是一种由酵母、醋酸菌和果蝇属相互作用引起的葡萄复杂疾病。以前，针对果蝇的杀虫剂（最常见的是 Zeta-氯氰菊酯）的应用为纽约葡萄园的葡萄酒葡萄提供了对酸腐病的有效控制。在 2018 年收获季节，尽管反复使用 Zeta-氯氰菊酯（Mustang Maxx），但在纽约芬格湖区的一个葡萄园仍观察到酸腐病和果蝇（主要是黑腹果蝇）种群的控制失败。为了确定是否存在抗药性导致控制失败，我们量化了 Zeta-氯氰菊酯和 NY 葡萄园登记用于控制果蝇的其他四种杀虫剂的毒性。使用诊断浓度（敏感菌株 LC95、4×LC95 和 16×LC95）来评估田间果蝇相对于敏感 Canton-S 菌株的存活百分比。在田间采集的果蝇中观察到对 Zeta-氯氰菊酯、乙酰甲胺磷和马拉硫磷的抗性，但对多杀菌素和 Spinetoram 的抗性则没有。本研究提供了证据表明，果蝇对杀虫剂的抗药性与某些葡萄园酸腐病的控制失败有关，并直接影响葡萄的生产。讨论了这些结果对杀虫剂抗性监测和管理的影响。
