Yaremchuk Viktoriia O
Yaroslav Mudryi National Law University, Kharkiv, Ukraine.
Wiad Lek. 2019;72(1):103-106.
Introduction: Investigation of many types of crimes is accompanied by the involvement of health care workers. They, with the help of their special skills in the sphere of medicine, assist the investigator in identification, fixation and caption of evidence. Health care workers take part in many investigative procedures, carry out forensic, psychiatric and other kinds of examinations. The aim: To reveal modern forms of using medical knowledge during the crime investigation.
Materials and methods: The abstract is based on the teachings of scholars of forensic physicians, criminologists, the results of our survey of investigators and forensic experts, the results of our generalization of criminal proceedings regarding the investigation of murders, normative and legal acts of Ukraine and other sources. The system of scientific knowledge methods: historical, statistical, questionnaires, generalizations and others, was used during the research.
Review: Our research reveals the following forms of using medical knowledge during crime investigation. This is the participation of physicians as specialists in investigative procedures, like the review of the scene, interrogation, investigation experiment, examination, participation in the selection of biological samples for carrying out expert examinations, physicians' assistance in the form of the recreation of the deceased person's face with a view of its identification, also the consultations of physicians - cardiologists, traumatologists, surgeons, forensic experts, etc., carrying out of forensic and forensic and psychiatric examinations, use of medical knowledge in the form of molecular genome research with the view of person's identification. The argumentative issues on the interaction between the investigator and the physician during the review of the scene, interrogation and other investigative procedures, implementation of molecular genome research and certain issues arising in the appointment of forensic and forensic psychiatric examinations are reviewed in the abstract.
Conclusions: The use of medical knowledge is necessary for investigation of many types of crimes. The forms of using medical knowledge in the crime investigations such as the participation of physicians as specialists in the carrying out of investigative procedures, the physicians' assistance in the form of the recreation of the deceased person's face with a view to its identification and physicians' consultations are widely spread nowadays. The conduct of forensic, medical and forensic and forensic psychiatric examinations is the most widespread. The use of medical knowledge in the form of genotyposcopic and molecular genome research carried out in order to identify a person during the crime investigations is popular nowadays.
引言：对多种类型犯罪的调查都有医护人员参与。他们凭借医学领域的专业技能，协助调查人员识别、固定和标注证据。医护人员参与许多调查程序，进行法医、精神病学及其他各类检查。目的：揭示犯罪调查过程中运用医学知识的现代形式。
材料与方法：本摘要基于法医、犯罪学家的学说，我们对调查人员和法医专家的调查结果，我们对谋杀案调查刑事诉讼的总结结果，乌克兰的规范性法律行为及其他资料来源。研究过程中使用了科学知识方法体系，如历史法、统计法、问卷调查法、归纳法等。
综述：我们的研究揭示了犯罪调查过程中运用医学知识的以下形式。这包括医生作为专家参与调查程序，如现场勘查、审讯、侦查实验、检查、参与挑选用于进行专家鉴定的生物样本，医生以复原死者面容以进行身份识别的形式提供协助，还有心脏病专家、创伤科医生、外科医生、法医专家等医生的会诊，进行法医、法医精神病学检查，以分子基因组研究形式运用医学知识进行身份识别。摘要中还探讨了在现场勘查、审讯及其他调查程序中调查人员与医生互动的争议性问题、分子基因组研究的实施以及法医和法医精神病学鉴定委托中出现的某些问题。
结论：运用医学知识对多种类型犯罪的调查很有必要。如今，犯罪调查中运用医学知识的形式广泛存在，比如医生作为专家参与调查程序、医生以复原死者面容以进行身份识别的形式提供协助以及医生会诊。进行法医、医学和法医精神病学检查最为普遍。如今，在犯罪调查中以基因分型和分子基因组研究形式运用医学知识进行身份识别很受欢迎。
