Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaiso (CINV), Instituto de Neurociencia, Universidad de Valparaiso, Avenida Gran Bretaña 1111, Valparaiso, Chile.
Institute of Neuroscience, 324 Huestis Hall, 1254 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1254, USA.
Front Neuroendocrinol. 2019 Apr;53:100738. doi: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2019.02.002. Epub 2019 Feb 22.
Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) is a highly conserved neuroendocrine decapeptide that is essential for the onset of puberty and the maintenance of the reproductive state. First identified in mammals, the GnRH signaling pathway is found in all classes of vertebrates; homologues of GnRH have also been identified in invertebrates. In addition to its role as a hypothalamic releasing hormone, GnRH has multiple functions including modulating neural activity within specific regions of the brain. These various functions are mediated by multiple isoforms, which are expressed at diverse locations within the central nervous system. Here we discuss the GnRH signaling pathways in light of new reports that reveal that some vertebrate genomes lack GnRH1. Not only do other isoforms of GnRH not compensate for this gene loss, but elements upstream of GnRH1, including kisspeptins, appear to also be dispensable. We discuss routes that may compensate for the loss of the GnRH1 pathway.
促性腺激素释放激素（GnRH）是一种高度保守的神经内分泌十肽，对青春期的开始和生殖状态的维持至关重要。GnRH 信号通路最初在哺乳动物中被发现，存在于所有脊椎动物类群中；GnRH 的同源物也在无脊椎动物中被发现。除了作为下丘脑释放激素的作用外，GnRH 还具有多种功能，包括调节大脑特定区域的神经活动。这些不同的功能是由多种同工型介导的，它们在中枢神经系统的不同位置表达。在这里，我们根据新的报道讨论 GnRH 信号通路，这些报道表明一些脊椎动物的基因组缺乏 GnRH1。不仅其他 GnRH 同工型不能弥补这种基因缺失，而且 GnRH1 上游的元件，包括 kisspeptins，似乎也是可有可无的。我们讨论了可能补偿 GnRH1 途径缺失的途径。
