Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif 888, Saudi Arabia.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2019 May 30;173:419-428. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.02.041. Epub 2019 Feb 21.
L-carnitine (LC) and selenium (Se) have significant protective and antioxidant effects on several tissues. Cadmium (Cd), widely used in some industries and emitted from fossil fuels, is a heavy metal having a number of side effects, including hepatotoxicity. This study aims to assess the ameliorative function of both LC and SeCl on cadmium chloride (CdCl)-induced liver toxicity. In total, 70 male mice included in this study were allocated to seven groups: control, CdCl, LC, SeCl, CdCl plus SeCl, CdCl plus LC, CdCl plus SeCl and LC groups. Hepatic aminotransferase (aspartate aminotransferase [AST] and alanine transaminase [ALT]) activity and tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α] levels, as well as the antioxidant biomarkers (superoxide dismutase [SOD], glutathione reductase [GRx], glutathione-S-transferase [GST] and catalase [CAT], were examined. Histological and transmission electron microscopic [TEM] variations in the liver were used as indicators of liver damage after the administration of CdCl-alone or CdCl with LC, SeCl, or both. Genotoxic effects of CdCl were also evaluated and the possible roles of SeCl and/or LC on the expression of the antioxidant enzymes were studied. Results showed that administration of LC and SeCl decreased CdCl-induced increase in ALT and AST levels and reduced oxidative stress to normal levels. In addition, LC combined with SeCl had a highly synergistic effect and elevated significantly the enzymatic antioxidants and decreased lipid peroxidation levels compared with those in the CdCl-treated group. It is clear from the data that both LC and SeCl inhibit liver injury and improve the redox state in mice.
左旋肉碱（LC）和硒（Se）对许多组织具有显著的保护和抗氧化作用。镉（Cd）广泛应用于一些工业领域，并由化石燃料排放，是一种重金属，具有许多副作用，包括肝毒性。本研究旨在评估 LC 和 SeCl 对氯化镉（CdCl）诱导的肝毒性的改善作用。共有 70 只雄性小鼠被纳入本研究，分为 7 组：对照组、CdCl 组、LC 组、SeCl 组、CdCl+SeCl 组、CdCl+LC 组、CdCl+SeCl 和 LC 组。检测肝转氨酶（天冬氨酸转氨酶 [AST] 和丙氨酸转氨酶 [ALT]）活性和肿瘤坏死因子-α [TNF-α]水平以及抗氧化生物标志物（超氧化物歧化酶 [SOD]、谷胱甘肽还原酶 [GRx]、谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶 [GST]和过氧化氢酶 [CAT]）。肝组织学和透射电子显微镜 [TEM]变化被用作单独给予 CdCl 或给予 LC、SeCl 或两者后肝损伤的指标。还评估了 CdCl 的遗传毒性作用，并研究了 SeCl 和/或 LC 对抗氧化酶表达的可能作用。结果表明，给予 LC 和 SeCl 可降低 CdCl 诱导的 ALT 和 AST 水平升高，并将氧化应激降低至正常水平。此外，与 CdCl 处理组相比，LC 与 SeCl 联合具有高度协同作用，可显著提高酶抗氧化剂并降低脂质过氧化水平。从数据中可以清楚地看出，LC 和 SeCl 均可抑制肝损伤并改善小鼠的氧化还原状态。
