Dillon Frank R, Ertl Melissa M, Verile Michael, Siraj Nusrat, Babino Rosa, De La Rosa Mario
University at Albany - State University of New York.
Florida International University.
J Lat Psychol. 2018 Feb;7(1):39-58. doi: 10.1037/lat0000106. Epub 2018 May 10.
The present study examined potential individual-, cultural-, and interpersonal-level determinants of psychological distress among young adult Latina immigrants during their initial months in the United States (US). Five hundred thirty participants (aged 18-23 years old) immigrated an average of one year before assessment. Higher levels of psychological distress (as measured by the Brief Symptom Inventory, Derogatis & Fitzpatrick, 2004) were associated with undocumented immigration status, more immersion in the dominant (US) society, and more acculturative stress. Participants who more strongly endorsed certain beliefs [i.e., Latina women should be (a) the spiritual leaders of their family and are responsible for the family's spiritual growth and (b) virtuous and chaste] indicated less distress. Participants who endorsed the belief that Latina women should be subordinate and self-silencing to maintain harmony in relationships reported more intense distress. Women who endorsed the belief that Latinas should be the main source of strength for their family also reported more distress. Participants' attachment to their social network served as a moderator of several direct effects. Participants who experienced close attachment to their social network and more ethnic immersion reported substantively less distress than other participants did. Participants reporting lower attachment and lower endorsement of the virtuous and chaste belief experienced more distress than their peers did. Participants indicating lower attachment and higher endorsement of subordinate and self-silencing beliefs also reported more distress than peers did. Finally, participants who spent less time in the US and reported lower attachment indicated higher levels of distress. Findings inform interventions to eliminate mental health disparities affecting Latina young adults.
本研究调查了年轻成年拉丁裔移民在美国最初几个月中心理困扰的潜在个人、文化和人际层面的决定因素。530名参与者（年龄在18 - 23岁之间）在评估前平均移民了一年。较高水平的心理困扰（通过简明症状量表测量，德罗加蒂斯和菲茨帕特里克，2004年）与无证移民身份、更多地融入主流（美国）社会以及更多的文化适应压力相关。更强烈认同某些信念的参与者[即拉丁裔女性应该（a）成为家庭的精神领袖并负责家庭的精神成长，以及（b）品德高尚且贞洁]表现出较少的困扰。认同拉丁裔女性应该处于从属地位并自我沉默以维持关系和谐这一信念的参与者报告有更强烈的困扰。认同拉丁裔应该是家庭主要力量来源这一信念的女性也报告有更多困扰。参与者对其社交网络的依恋起到了几个直接影响的调节作用。与其他参与者相比，那些与社交网络有紧密依恋且更多地融入本族文化的参与者报告的困扰显著更少。报告较低依恋且对品德高尚和贞洁信念认同度较低的参与者比同龄人经历了更多困扰。表明较低依恋且对从属和自我沉默信念认同度较高的参与者也比同龄人报告有更多困扰。最后，在美国停留时间较短且报告较低依恋的参与者表现出更高水平的困扰。研究结果为消除影响拉丁裔年轻人心理健康差距的干预措施提供了依据。
