Sundberg Mark L
Sundberg and Associates, Concord, CA USA.
Anal Verbal Behav. 2016 Oct 21;32(2):107-124. doi: 10.1007/s40616-016-0065-3. eCollection 2016 Oct.
The importance of the intraverbal relation is missed in most theories of language. Skinner (1957) attributes this to traditional semantic theories of meaning that focus on the nonverbal referents of words and neglect verbal stimuli as separate sources of control for linguistic behavior. An analysis of verbal stimulus control is presented, along with its distinction from nonverbal stimulus control and motivational control. It is suggested that there are at least four different types of increasingly complex verbal discriminations relevant to speaker and listener behavior: simple, compound, verbal conditional, and verbal function-altering (Eikeseth & Smith, 2013; Schlinger & Blakely, 1994). Separate but interlocking accounts of how these specific types of verbal stimuli produce different evocative and function-altering effects for the speaker and for the listener are provided. Finally, the effects of weakening verbal stimulus control and the loss of intraverbal behavior are considered, especially as they relate to dementia, aphasia, and traumatic brain injury.
大多数语言理论都忽略了内言语关系的重要性。斯金纳（1957）将此归因于传统语义意义理论，该理论专注于单词的非言语指代对象，而忽视言语刺激作为语言行为的独立控制源。本文介绍了言语刺激控制的分析，以及它与非言语刺激控制和动机控制的区别。研究表明，至少有四种不同类型的、与说话者和倾听者行为相关的日益复杂的言语辨别：简单辨别、复合辨别、言语条件辨别和言语功能改变辨别（艾克塞斯和史密斯，2013；施林格和布莱克利，1994）。本文分别但相互关联地阐述了这些特定类型的言语刺激如何对说话者和倾听者产生不同的唤起和功能改变效果。最后，探讨了削弱言语刺激控制和内言语行为丧失的影响，尤其是与痴呆症、失语症和创伤性脑损伤相关的影响。
