Technische Universität Dresden, School of Science, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Zoology, Molecular Cell Physiology and Endocrinology, Zellescher Weg 20b, 01217 Dresden, Germany.
Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Resource Ecology, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2019 May 30;173:469-481. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.02.013. Epub 2019 Feb 22.
Exposure to lanthanides (Ln) poses a serious health risk to animals and humans. Since Ln are mainly excreted with urine, we investigated the effect of La, Ce, Eu, and Yb exposure on renal rat NRK-52E and human HEK-293 cells for 8, 24, and 48 h in vitro. Cell viability studies using the XTT assay and microscopic investigations were combined with solubility and speciation studies using ICP-MS and TRLFS. Thermodynamic modeling was applied to predict the speciation of Ln in the cell culture medium. All Ln show a concentration- and time-dependent effect on both cell lines with Ce being the most potent element. In cell culture medium, the Ln are completely soluble and most probably complexed with proteins from fetal bovine serum. The results of this study underline the importance of combining biological, chemical, and spectroscopic methods in studying the effect of Ln on cells in vitro and may contribute to the improvement of the current risk assessment for Ln in the human body. Furthermore, they demonstrate that Ln seem to have no effect on renal cells in vitro at environmental trace concentrations. Nevertheless, especially Ce has the potential for harmful effects at elevated concentrations observed in mining and industrial areas.
镧系元素（Ln）暴露对动物和人类的健康构成严重威胁。由于 Ln 主要通过尿液排出，我们在体外研究了 La、Ce、Eu 和 Yb 暴露对肾大鼠 NRK-52E 和人 HEK-293 细胞的影响，时间分别为 8、24 和 48 小时。使用 XTT 测定法进行细胞活力研究和显微镜研究，并结合使用 ICP-MS 和 TRLFS 进行溶解度和形态研究。热力学模型被应用于预测细胞培养介质中 Ln 的形态。所有 Ln 对两种细胞系均表现出浓度和时间依赖性效应，Ce 是最有效的元素。在细胞培养液中，Ln 完全可溶，很可能与胎牛血清中的蛋白质结合。这项研究的结果强调了在研究 Ln 对体外细胞的影响时结合生物、化学和光谱方法的重要性，并可能有助于改善当前对人体中 Ln 的风险评估。此外，它们表明 Ln 在环境痕量浓度下对体外肾细胞似乎没有影响。然而，尤其是 Ce 在采矿和工业地区观察到的浓度升高时，具有潜在的有害影响。
