Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences and Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Axum University, Tigray, Ethiopia.
Department of Anatomy, College of Health Sciences and Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Axum University, Tigray, Ethiopia.
Reprod Health. 2019 Feb 25;16(1):22. doi: 10.1186/s12978-019-0670-4.
Intimate partner violence is a common phenomenon in Ethiopia families. About 81% of women believed that a husband is justified in beating his wife. About 30-60% of families were affected by their intimates. Women suffer physical, emotional, sexual and economic violence by their intimate partners. It often remains either for the sake of family secrecy, cultural norms or, due to fear, shame and community's reluctance on domestic affair and social stigma.The objective of this study is to examine the association between intimate partner violence during pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes.
A hospital based unmatched case control study was conducted in four zonal hospitals of Tigray region. A total of 954 study participants (318 cases and 636 controls) were taken. Systematic sampling was used to select the cases and controls. Ethical clearance was obtained throughout the study period.
Out of 954 interviewed mothers, 389 (40.8%) had experienced intimate partner violence during their index pregnancy period. More than two third (68.6%) of cases had been exposed to intimate partner violence. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that, women exposed to intimate partner violence during pregnancy were three times more likely to experience low birth weight (AOR = 3.1; CI 95% [1.470,6.618]) and preterm birth (AOR = 2.5; CI 95% [2.198-2.957]). It was observed that women who had been exposed to physical violence during pregnancy were five times more likely to experience low birth weight (AOR = 4.767; CI 95% [2.515, 9.034]) and preterm birth (AOR = 5.3; CI 95%: 3.95-7.094).
It was found that the risk of preterm birth and low birth weight was increased when the pregnant women were exposed to more than one type of intimate partner violence and physical violence during pregnancy. Therefore, Efforts to address maternal and newborn health need to include issues of violence against women.
亲密伴侣暴力在埃塞俄比亚家庭中很常见。大约 81%的女性认为丈夫打妻子是合理的。大约 30-60%的家庭受到他们亲密伴侣的影响。女性遭受来自亲密伴侣的身体、情感、性和经济暴力。这通常要么是为了家庭保密、文化规范，要么是因为害怕、羞耻和社区不愿意处理家庭事务和社会耻辱。本研究的目的是检查怀孕期间亲密伴侣暴力与不良出生结局之间的关联。
在提格雷地区的四家地区医院进行了一项基于医院的非匹配病例对照研究。共纳入 954 名研究参与者（318 例病例和 636 例对照）。采用系统抽样选择病例和对照。整个研究期间均获得伦理批准。
在接受采访的 954 位母亲中，有 389 位（40.8%）在其妊娠期间经历过亲密伴侣暴力。超过三分之二（68.6%）的病例曾接触过亲密伴侣暴力。多变量逻辑回归分析表明，怀孕期间接触亲密伴侣暴力的女性发生低出生体重的可能性是三倍（AOR=3.1；95%CI[1.470，6.618]）和早产的可能性是两倍（AOR=2.5；95%CI[2.198-2.957]）。研究发现，怀孕期间遭受过身体暴力的女性发生低出生体重的可能性是五倍（AOR=4.767；95%CI[2.515，9.034]）和早产的可能性是五倍（AOR=5.3；95%CI：3.95-7.094）。
研究发现，当孕妇遭受多种类型的亲密伴侣暴力和怀孕期间的身体暴力时，早产和低出生体重的风险会增加。因此，解决母婴健康问题需要包括针对妇女的暴力问题。
