Earth Engineering Center, Columbia University, NY, USA.
Earth Engineering Center, Columbia University, NY, USA; Department of Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea.
Waste Manag. 2019 Feb 15;85:304-316. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.01.001. Epub 2019 Jan 7.
This paper focuses on waste management and waste to energy (WTE) for district heating in S. Korea. The chemical formula for the materials disposed of in volume base waste fee (VBWF) bags that are processed in WTE plants was calculated as: CHO, with a heat of formation of 27.6 MJ/kg. The average heating value for the 35 WTE plants was 9.7 MJ/kg, and the average amount of energy recovered was calculated at 1.5 MWh/ton waste processed. 22 of the 35 WTE plants comply with the limits of the R1 formula for energy recovery plants (R1 > 0.61), as introduced by the EU. It was estimated that 8% of the district heating demand is provided by WTE in S. Korea. WTE plants can contribute to about 0.6% to the total electricity demand of S. Korea and aid the efforts of the nation to phase out the dependence on fossil fuels. The average dioxin emissions of all WTE plants were 0.005 ng TEQ/Nm (limit:0.1 ng TEQ/Nm), and most of the other pollutants examined indicated a ten-fold to hundred-fold lower emissions than the national and the EU standards. S. Korea indicated an improved performance in sustainable waste management, with combined recycling/ composting and WTE rates of about 80%, as compared to the average of the EU-28 with 65%, and the US with 36.5%, even if the EU and the US had higher GDP/capita (PPP) than S. Korea.
本文重点介绍了韩国的废物管理和废物能源化（WTE）用于区域供热。在 WTE 工厂处理的按体积基础废物收费（VBWF）袋中处置的材料的化学式计算为：CHO，生成热为 27.6 MJ/kg。35 个 WTE 工厂的平均加热值为 9.7 MJ/kg，平均回收能量为 1.5 MWh/吨处理废物。35 个 WTE 工厂中有 22 个符合欧盟引入的能源回收工厂 R1 公式（R1>0.61）的限制。据估计，韩国 8%的区域供热需求由 WTE 提供。WTE 工厂可为韩国总电力需求贡献约 0.6%，并有助于该国逐步摆脱对化石燃料的依赖。所有 WTE 工厂的二恶英平均排放量为 0.005 ng TEQ/Nm（限值：0.1 ng TEQ/Nm），大多数其他检查的污染物排放量比国家和欧盟标准低 10 到 100 倍。与欧盟 28 国 65%和美国 36.5%的平均水平相比，韩国的综合回收/堆肥和 WTE 率约为 80%，表明其在可持续废物管理方面的表现有所改善，尽管欧盟和美国的人均 GDP（PPP）高于韩国。
