Mpyet Caleb, Muhammad Nasiru, Adamu Mohammed Dantani, Umar Murtala Muhammad, Tafida Abubakar, Ogoshi Chris, Maidaura Aminu, Isiyaku Sunday, William Adamani, Willis Rebecca, Bakhtiari Ana, Olobio Nicholas, Solomon Anthony W
a Department of Ophthalmology , University of Jos , Jos , Nigeria.
b Sightsavers , Kaduna , Nigeria.
Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2018 Dec;25(sup1):86-92. doi: 10.1080/09286586.2018.1467468.
To determine the prevalence of trachoma and water and sanitation coverage in four local government areas (LGAs) of Jigawa State, Nigeria: Birnin Kudu, Buji, Dutse and Kiyawa.
A population-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in each LGA using Global Trachoma Mapping Project (GTMP) protocols. From each LGA, 25 villages were selected using probability-proportional-to-population size sampling; in each village, 25 households were selected using the random walk technique. All residents aged ≥1 year in selected households were examined by GTMP-certified graders for trachomatous inflammation - follicular (TF) and trichiasis, defined according to the WHO simplified trachoma grading scheme definitions. Water, sanitation and hygiene data were also collected through questioning and direct observation.
In 2458 households of four LGAs, 10,669 residents were enumerated. A total of 9779 people (92% of residents) were examined, with slightly more females examined (5012; 51%) than men. In children aged 1-9 years, the age-adjusted prevalence of TF ranged from 5.1% (95% CI 2.5-9.0%) in Birnin Kudu to 12.8% (95% CI 7.6-19.4%) in Kiyawa, while the age- and gender-adjusted trichiasis prevalence in persons aged ≥15 years ranged from 1.9% (95% CI 1.4-2.5%) in Birnin Kudu to 3.1% (95% CI 2.2-4.0) in Dutse. Access to improved water sources was above 80% in all LGAs surveyed but access to improved sanitation facilities was low, ranging from 23% in Buji to 50% in Kiyawa.
Trachoma is a public health problem in all four LGAs surveyed. The full SAFE strategy needs to be implemented to achieve trachoma elimination.
确定尼日利亚吉加瓦州比尔宁库杜、布吉、杜茨和基瓦瓦四个地方政府辖区（LGA）的沙眼患病率以及水和卫生设施覆盖率。
在每个地方政府辖区按照全球沙眼地图绘制项目（GTMP）方案开展基于人群的横断面调查。从每个地方政府辖区中，采用按人口规模比例抽样法选取25个村庄；在每个村庄，采用随机游走技术选取25户家庭。由GTMP认证的分级人员对所选家庭中所有年龄≥1岁的居民进行检查，以确定是否患有滤泡性沙眼炎症（TF）和倒睫，根据世界卫生组织简化沙眼分级方案定义进行判定。还通过询问和直接观察收集水、卫生设施和卫生习惯数据。
在四个地方政府辖区的2458户家庭中，共统计了10669名居民。总共检查了9779人（占居民的92%），接受检查的女性（5012人；51%）略多于男性。在1 - 9岁儿童中，经年龄调整后的TF患病率在比尔宁库杜为5.1%（95%置信区间2.5 - 9.0%），在基瓦瓦为12.8%（95%置信区间7.6 - 19.4%），而在年龄≥15岁人群中，经年龄和性别调整后的倒睫患病率在比尔宁库杜为1.9%（95%置信区间1.4 - 2.5%），在杜茨为3.1%（95%置信区间2.2 - 4.0）。在所有接受调查的地方政府辖区，使用改良水源的比例均超过80%，但使用改良卫生设施的比例较低，在布吉为23%，在基瓦瓦为50%。
在所调查的所有四个地方政府辖区，沙眼都是一个公共卫生问题。需要实施完整的SAFE战略以实现消除沙眼的目标。
