Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.
Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.
J Exp Child Psychol. 2019 Jun;182:86-101. doi: 10.1016/j.jecp.2019.01.018. Epub 2019 Feb 25.
It has been hypothesized that children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) present difficulties in processing time durations. However, so far evidence on this difficulty and its related mechanisms has been unclear and collected only with rating scales or laboratory experimental tasks. The current study examined whether this difficulty can be seen in children carrying out everyday actions (e.g., telephone calls, cooking activities) and to what extent it is influenced by working memory (WM) abilities. In total, 182 children aged 7 to 10 years were included in the study: 91 children with ADHD symptoms and 91 typically developing (TD) children matched for gender and other characteristics. We administered sequence reordering, time reproduction, and duration comparison tasks, and as stimuli we used six movies lasting 10 to 60 s showing three women completing six different actions. We also collected measures of verbal and visuospatial WM tests (digit span and Corsi task). Children with ADHD symptoms tended to underestimate the long durations and were less accurate than TD children in remembering the exact order of events and in comparing the duration of two different events. These difficulties appeared to be related to WM abilities.
有人假设患有注意力缺陷/多动障碍（ADHD）的儿童在处理时间时长方面存在困难。然而，到目前为止，关于这种困难及其相关机制的证据还不清楚，并且仅通过评分量表或实验室实验任务收集。本研究考察了这种困难是否可以在进行日常活动（例如，打电话、烹饪活动）的儿童中看到，以及它在多大程度上受到工作记忆（WM）能力的影响。共有 182 名 7 至 10 岁的儿童参与了研究：91 名有 ADHD 症状的儿童和 91 名性别和其他特征相匹配的典型发育（TD）儿童。我们进行了序列重排、时间复制和时长比较任务，并且使用了六个时长为 10 到 60 秒的电影，展示了三位女性完成六个不同的动作。我们还收集了言语和视空间 WM 测试（数字跨度和科萨任务）的测量值。ADHD 症状儿童往往低估了长时长，并且在准确记住事件的确切顺序和比较两个不同事件的时长方面不如 TD 儿童准确。这些困难似乎与 WM 能力有关。
