Dzierzbicka-Glowacka Lidia, Pietrzak Stefan, Dybowski Dawid, Białoskórski Michał, Marcinkowski Tadeusz, Rossa Ludmiła, Urbaniak Marek, Majewska Zuzanna, Juszkowska Dominika, Nawalany Piotr, Pazikowska-Sapota Grażyna, Kamińska Bożena, Selke Bartłomiej, Korthals Paweł, Puszkarczuk Tadeusz
Physical Oceanography Department, Ecohydrodynamics Laboratory, Institute of Oceanology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Sopot, Poland.
Department of Water Quality, Institute of Technology and Life Sciences in Falenty, Raszyn, Poland.
PeerJ. 2019 Feb 19;7:e6478. doi: 10.7717/peerj.6478. eCollection 2019.
Leaching of nutrients from agricultural areas is the main cause of water pollution and eutrophication of the Baltic Sea. A variety of remedial actions to reduce nitrogen and phosphorus losses from agricultural holdings and cultivated fields have been taken in the past. However, knowledge about the risk of nutrient leaching has not yet reached many farmers operating in the water catchment area of the Baltic Sea.
The nutrient balance method known as "At the farm gate" involves calculating separate balances for nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K). After estimating all the components of the nutrient balance, the total balance for NPK is calculated and the data obtained is expressed as the ratio of total change (surplus) to the area of arable land on a farm. In addition, the nutrient usage efficiency on a farm is also calculated. An opinion poll was conducted in 2017 on 3.6% ( = 31) of the farms located in commune of Puck. The total area of the farms including arable and grass land ranged from 5 to 130 ha with an average of 45.82 ha. The arable land was on average 30.79 ha ranging from 4.45 to 130 ha while the grassland averaged 12.77 ha and ranged from 0 to 53 ha.
The average consumption of mineral fertilizer in the sample population of farms was 114.9 kg N, 9.3 kg P, and 22.9 kg K·haof agricultural land (AL), respectively. N balance in the sample farms being ranged from -23.3 to 254.5 kg N·haAL while nutrient use efficiency ranged from 0.40% to 231.3%. In comparison, P surplus in the sample farms was 5.0 kg P·haAL with the P use efficiency of 0.4-266.5%.
Mean N fertilizer consumption in the tested farms was higher than the average usage across Poland and in the Pomeranian Voivodeship. However, mean consumption of potassium fertilizers was lower than mentioned averages. Mean P fertilizer consumption was higher than in the Pomeranian Voivodeship, but lower compared to the entire country. Generally, on the basis of designated research indicators of farm pressures on water quality, concentrations of total nitrogen and total phosphorus were obtained. CalcGosPuck (an integrated agriculture calculator) will help to raise farmers' awareness about NPK flow on farm scale and to improve nutrient management.
农业区域养分流失是波罗的海水质污染和富营养化的主要原因。过去已采取了多种补救措施来减少农业用地和耕地的氮磷流失。然而，在波罗的海集水区作业的许多农民尚未了解养分流失的风险。
“农场门口”养分平衡法涉及分别计算氮（N）、磷（P）和钾（K）的平衡。估算养分平衡的所有组成部分后，计算氮磷钾的总平衡，并将所得数据表示为农场耕地面积上总变化（盈余）的比率。此外，还计算农场的养分利用效率。2017年对普克县3.6%（=31个）农场进行了民意调查。这些农场包括耕地和草地的总面积在5至130公顷之间，平均为45.82公顷。耕地平均为30.79公顷，范围从4.45至130公顷，而草地平均为12.77公顷，范围从0至53公顷。
样本农场群体中，农用土地（AL）的矿物肥料平均消费量分别为每公顷114.9千克氮、9.3千克磷和2
