Wielgat Paweł, Kalinowska Dominika, Szymkiewicz Adam, Zima Piotr, Jaworska-Szulc Beata, Wojciechowska Ewa, Nawrot Nicole, Matej-Lukowicz Karolina, Dzierzbicka-Glowacka Lidia Anita
Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland.
Institute of Oceanology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Sopot, Poland.
PeerJ. 2021 Feb 25;9:e10938. doi: 10.7717/peerj.10938. eCollection 2021.
This paper analyzes the impact of changes in fertilization on crop yields and the runoff of nutrients from a small agricultural catchment (176 km) to a shallow bay, using the SWAT model. Puck Bay is part of the Gulf of Gdansk and belongs to the Baltic Sea. The whole area of Puck Bay (364 km) is protected (Natura 2000) yet despite this it suffers from eutrophication problems due to the relatively minimal depth and difficult water exchange.
The paper presents a comparison of the calculated yields and the runoff of nutrients and pesticides in the SWAT model, for a small agricultural coastal catchment. Calculations were made for 13 crop scenarios with weather data from 2011 to 2019. For each crop, an agriculture calendar was made. Two variants of fertilization were considered (autofertilization mode and according to the calendar). The nutrient runoff was calculated depending on the adopted scenario. In addition, the fate of selected pesticides was simulated.
Depending on the crop, the annual load of NOinto the stream ranged from 0.74 to 3.65 kg ha. The annual load of organic phosphorous into the stream was between 0.686 and 3.64 kg ha. This is lower than in the majority of EU or Baltic countries. The surface runoff of dissolved Glyphosate was equal to 286 mg ha. The annual loads of nutrients from the catchment area are equivalent in both fertilization modes. Regardless of the selected fertilization mode, in addition to the dosage, the form of nutrients is important for the model.
本文使用SWAT模型分析了施肥变化对作物产量以及从一个小型农业集水区（176平方千米）到一个浅湾的养分径流的影响。普克湾是格但斯克湾的一部分，属于波罗的海。普克湾的整个区域（364平方千米）受到保护（属于“自然2000”网络），然而尽管如此，由于其相对较浅的深度和困难的水交换，它仍面临富营养化问题。
本文展示了针对一个小型农业沿海集水区，SWAT模型中计算得出的产量以及养分和农药径流的比较。利用2011年至2019年的气象数据，对13种作物情景进行了计算。针对每种作物制定了农业日历。考虑了两种施肥方式（自动施肥模式和根据日历施肥）。根据所采用的情景计算养分径流。此外，还模拟了选定农药的归宿。
根据作物的不同，溪流中每年的氮负荷量在0.74至3.65千克/公顷之间。溪流中每年的有机磷负荷量在0.686至3.64千克/公顷之间。这低于大多数欧盟国家或波罗的海国家。溶解态草甘膦的地表径流量为286毫克/公顷。两种施肥模式下集水区每年的养分负荷量相当。无论选择哪种施肥模式，除了剂量外，养分的形态对模型也很重要。
