Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China.
Department of Stomatology, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China.
Biomed Res Int. 2019 Jan 23;2019:6159490. doi: 10.1155/2019/6159490. eCollection 2019.
Miniature pigs, a valuable alternative model for understanding human tooth development, have deciduous teeth from all four tooth families that are replaced once by permanent molars. The extracellular matrix (ECM) supports cells and maintains the integrity of tooth germs during tooth development. However, details on the role of the ECM in tooth development are poorly understood. Here, we performed long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression profiles in the ECM components of deciduous tooth germs by RNA sequencing in miniature pigs. From the early cap to the late bell stages, we identified 4,562 and 3,238 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from E40 to E50 and E50 to E60, respectively. In addition, a total of 1,464 differentially expressed lncRNAs from E40 to E50 and 969 differentially expressed lncRNAs from E50 to E60 were obtained. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis showed that DEGs were enriched significantly for multiple signaling pathways, especially for the ECM pathway. We then outlined the detailed dynamic gene expression profiling of ECM components during deciduous molar development. Comparison of the cap and bell stages revealed that the structure and functions of the ECM dynamically changed. The ECM-related genes, including , and , were significantly changed, and some were shown to enrich during the bell stage development. Finally, we outlined the coexpression of lncRNAs and ECM properties during tooth development. We showed that the interplay of key lncRNAs could change ECM processes and influence the ECM establishment of tooth patterns to accomplish full tooth formation. These results might provide information to elucidate the regulation network of the lncRNA and ECM in tooth development.
小型猪是一种有价值的替代模型，可用于理解人类牙齿的发育，其具有四个牙齿家族的乳牙，这些乳牙会被恒磨牙替换一次。细胞外基质（ECM）在牙齿发育过程中为细胞提供支持并维持牙胚的完整性。然而，ECM 在牙齿发育中的作用细节知之甚少。在这里，我们通过 RNA 测序在小型猪的乳牙胚 ECM 成分中进行了长链非编码 RNA（lncRNA）和信使 RNA（mRNA）表达谱分析。从早期帽状期到晚期钟状期，我们分别从 E40 到 E50 和 E50 到 E60 阶段鉴定出 4562 个和 3238 个差异表达基因（DEG）。此外，我们还从 E40 到 E50 获得了总共 1464 个差异表达的 lncRNA，从 E50 到 E60 获得了 969 个差异表达的 lncRNA。京都基因与基因组百科全书（KEGG）通路分析表明，DEG 显著富集于多个信号通路，特别是 ECM 通路。然后，我们概述了乳牙磨牙发育过程中 ECM 成分的详细动态基因表达谱。帽状期和钟状期的比较表明，ECM 的结构和功能发生了动态变化。ECM 相关基因，包括、和，显著改变，并且在钟状期发育过程中显示出富集。最后，我们概述了 lncRNA 与牙齿发育过程中 ECM 特性的共表达。我们表明，关键 lncRNA 的相互作用可以改变 ECM 过程并影响 ECM 建立牙模式，以完成牙齿的完全形成。这些结果可能为阐明 lncRNA 和 ECM 在牙齿发育中的调控网络提供信息。
