Smok Beata, Franczak Justyna, Domagalski Krzysztof, Pawłowska Małgorzata
Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum Nicolaus Copernicus University
T. Browicz Provincial Hospital for Infectious Diseases in Bydgoszcz, Poland
Przegl Epidemiol. 2018;72(4):459-467. doi: 10.32394/pe.72.4.21.
The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiology of chickenpox complications in children, based on a 19-year long survey.
This publication constitutes a review of medical records of 761 patients under the age of 18 who were hospitalized at the T. Browicz Provincial Hospital for Infectious Diseases in Bydgoszcz, Poland from the 1st of January 1999 to the 31st of December 2017.
Over the study period, 761 children diagnosed with varicella complications were hospitalized. The mean number of hospitalizations in each year amounted to 40. The median age of admitted patients was 4 years. The median length of hospitalization was 5 days (ranged from 1 to 30 days). The most frequent varicella complications included respiratory tract infections – 229/761 (30.1%), bacterial skin infections – 189/761 (24.8%) and gastrointestinal tract disorders – 142/761 (18.6%). Pneumonia, bronchitis and gastrointestinal tract disturbances, were reported most often in children under 2 years of age, while neurological complications occurred most frequently in children at 3-6 years of age. No significant differences in the number of varicella complications between immunocompromised and immunocompetent children were reported.
Varicella complications mainly affect the youngest immunocompetent children. Population-wide vaccination and herd immunity appears to be the best way to reduce the incidence of chickenpox and the rate of varicella complications. This study gives support for inclusion of universal varicella vaccine in the National Immunization Program in Poland.
本研究旨在基于一项长达19年的调查，描述儿童水痘并发症的流行病学情况。
本出版物对1999年1月1日至2017年12月31日期间在波兰比得哥什T. Browicz省传染病医院住院的761名18岁以下患者的病历进行了回顾。
在研究期间，761名被诊断为水痘并发症的儿童住院治疗。每年的平均住院人数为40人。入院患者的中位年龄为4岁。住院时间中位数为5天（范围为1至30天）。最常见的水痘并发症包括呼吸道感染——229/761（30.1%）、细菌性皮肤感染——189/761（24.8%）和胃肠道疾病——142/761（18.6%）。肺炎、支气管炎和胃肠道疾病在2岁以下儿童中报告最为频繁，而神经系统并发症在3至6岁儿童中最为常见。免疫功能低下和免疫功能正常的儿童在水痘并发症数量上未报告有显著差异。
水痘并发症主要影响最小的免疫功能正常儿童。全人群接种疫苗和群体免疫似乎是降低水痘发病率和水痘并发症发生率的最佳方法。本研究支持在波兰国家免疫规划中纳入通用水痘疫苗。
