Family Medicine Department, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 49, Przybyszewskiego Str., 60-355 Poznan, Poland.
Int J Infect Dis. 2013 Jul;17(7):e485-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2012.11.024. Epub 2013 Jan 23.
This study aimed to analyze the causes of hospitalization in children with varicella, based on a defined Polish population.
This was a retrospective analysis of causes of hospitalization in children under 18 years of age with varicella, treated on the Infectious Diseases Ward of the Children's Hospital in Poznan, Poland from January 2007 to June 2012. The ward serves almost the entire child population of the Greater Poland region (10% of the Polish population - almost 600,000 children). The analysis was based on hospital records. Patients were identified using the International Classification of Diseases Tenth Revision (ICD-10) codes. The case definition consisted of physical evidence of varicella.
A total of 224 children were hospitalized for varicella complications. The median age of admitted patients was 37.5 months (range 6 days to 17 years). Rates of hospitalization decreased with age. The highest rates were among children during their first year. Ninety-two percent of children were healthy prior to hospitalization (no chronic diseases). The most common complications were respiratory tract infections (26%), followed by skin infections (21%) and neurological symptoms (18%). Twenty-five patients (11%) had more than one complication. The most common coexisting conditions were dehydration and otitis media.
The results presented here serve to remind us that varicella may to lead to severe complications in unvaccinated children and adolescents, and demonstrate the benefits of varicella vaccination. Most children hospitalized with varicella were immunologically healthy. Meningitis was more common in older children (>6 years of age). Streptococcus pyogenes was the most commonly identified bacterial pathogen.
本研究旨在分析波兰特定人群中儿童水痘住院的原因。
这是一项回顾性分析，分析了 2007 年 1 月至 2012 年 6 月期间在波兰波兹南儿童医院传染病病房接受治疗的 18 岁以下儿童水痘住院的原因。该病房服务于大波兰地区几乎所有的儿童人口（波兰人口的 10% - 近 60 万儿童）。分析基于医院记录。使用国际疾病分类第十版（ICD-10）代码识别患者。病例定义包括水痘的物理证据。
共有 224 例儿童因水痘并发症住院。入院患者的中位年龄为 37.5 个月（范围为 6 天至 17 岁）。住院率随年龄增长而降低。最高的发生率在儿童的第一年。92%的患儿在入院前健康（无慢性疾病）。最常见的并发症是呼吸道感染（26%），其次是皮肤感染（21%）和神经系统症状（18%）。25 名患者（11%）有多种并发症。最常见的并存疾病是脱水和中耳炎。
这里呈现的结果提醒我们，水痘疫苗未接种的儿童和青少年可能会导致严重的并发症，并证明水痘疫苗接种的益处。大多数因水痘住院的儿童在免疫上是健康的。脑膜炎在年龄较大的儿童（>6 岁）中更为常见。化脓性链球菌是最常见的细菌病原体。
