School of Information and Communication Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China.
Sensors (Basel). 2019 Feb 26;19(5):1002. doi: 10.3390/s19051002.
Cooperative routing is one of the most widely used technologies for improving the energy efficiency and energy balance of wireless multi-hop networks. However, the end-to-end energy cost and network lifetime are greatly restricted if the cooperative transmission model is not designed properly. The main aim of this paper is to explore a two-stage cooperative routing scheme to further improve the energy efficiency and prolong the network lifetime. A two-stage cooperative (TSC) transmission model is firstly designed in which the core helper is introduced to determine the helper set for cooperation. Then, the two-stage link cost is formulated where , the weight of residual energy, is introduced to be adjusted for different design goals. By selecting the optimal helper set, the two-stage link cost of each link can be optimized. Finally, based on the designed TSC transmission model and the optimized two-stage link cost, a distributed two-stage cooperative routing (TSCR) scheme is further proposed to minimize the end-to-end cooperative routing cost. Simulation results evaluate the effect of on the different performance metrics. When equals 0, TSCR can achieve the shortest end-to-end transmission delay and highest energy efficiency, while a larger can achieve a longer network lifetime. Furthermore, simulation results also show that the proposed TSCR scheme can effectively improve both the energy efficiency and network lifetime compared with the existing schemes.
协作路由是提高无线多跳网络能效和能量均衡性最广泛使用的技术之一。然而，如果协作传输模型设计不当，端到端的能量成本和网络寿命将受到极大限制。本文的主要目的是探索一种两阶段协作路由方案，以进一步提高能量效率并延长网络寿命。首先设计了一种两阶段协作（TSC）传输模型，其中引入了核心协助者来确定协作的协助者集合。然后，制定了两阶段链路成本，其中引入了剩余能量的权重，以适应不同的设计目标。通过选择最佳的协助者集合，可以优化每个链路的两阶段链路成本。最后，基于设计的 TSC 传输模型和优化的两阶段链路成本，进一步提出了一种分布式两阶段协作路由（TSCR）方案，以最小化端到端协作路由成本。仿真结果评估了不同性能指标下的权重对 的影响。当 等于 0 时，TSCR 可以实现最短的端到端传输延迟和最高的能量效率，而较大的 可以实现更长的网络寿命。此外，仿真结果还表明，与现有方案相比，所提出的 TSCR 方案可以有效地提高能量效率和网络寿命。
