Xu Yun, Jiao Wanguo, Tian Mengqiu
College of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Longpan Load 159, Nanjing 210037, China.
Sensors (Basel). 2020 Oct 28;20(21):6127. doi: 10.3390/s20216127.
In the wireless sensor network, the lifetime of the network can be prolonged by improving the efficiency of limited energy. Existing works achieve better energy utilization, either through node scheduling or routing optimization. In this paper, an efficient solution combining node scheduling with routing protocol optimization is proposed in order to improve the network lifetime. Firstly, to avoid the redundant coverage, a node scheduling scheme that is based on a genetic algorithm is proposed to find the minimum number of sensor nodes to monitor all target points. Subsequently, the algorithm prolongs the lifetime of the network through choosing redundant sleep nodes to replace the dead node. Based on the obtained minimum coverage set, a new routing protocol, named Improved-Distributed Energy-Efficient Clustering (I-DEEC), is proposed. When considering the energy and the distance of the sensor node to the sink, a new policy choosing the cluster head is proposed. To make the energy load more balanced, uneven clusters are constructed. Meanwhile, the data communication way of sensor nodes around the sink is also optimized. The simulation results show that the proposed sensor node scheduling algorithm can reduce the number of redundant sensor nodes, while the I-DEEC routing protocol can improve the energy efficiency of data transmission. The lifetime of the network is greatly extended.
在无线传感器网络中，可以通过提高有限能量的利用效率来延长网络寿命。现有工作通过节点调度或路由优化实现了更好的能量利用。本文提出了一种将节点调度与路由协议优化相结合的高效解决方案，以提高网络寿命。首先，为了避免冗余覆盖，提出了一种基于遗传算法的节点调度方案，以找到监测所有目标点所需的最少传感器节点数量。随后，该算法通过选择冗余睡眠节点来替换死亡节点，从而延长网络寿命。基于获得的最小覆盖集，提出了一种新的路由协议，称为改进的分布式能量高效聚类（I-DEEC）。在考虑传感器节点的能量和到汇聚节点的距离时，提出了一种选择簇头的新策略。为了使能量负载更加平衡，构建了不均匀的簇。同时，还优化了汇聚节点周围传感器节点的数据通信方式。仿真结果表明，所提出的传感器节点调度算法可以减少冗余传感器节点的数量，而I-DEEC路由协议可以提高数据传输的能量效率。网络寿命得到了极大的延长。
