Milsap Griffin, Collard Max, Coogan Christopher, Crone Nathan E
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States.
Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Universit, Baltimore, MD, United States.
Front Neurosci. 2019 Feb 13;12:1030. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2018.01030. eCollection 2018.
BCI2000 has been a popular platform for development of real-time brain computer interfaces (BCIs). Since BCI2000's initial release, web browsers have evolved considerably, enabling rapid development of internet-enabled applications and interactive visualizations. Linking the amplifier abstraction and signal processing native to BCI2000 with the host of technologies and ease of development afforded by modern web browsers could enable a new generation of browser-based BCIs and visualizations. We developed a server and filter module called BCI2000Web providing an HTTP connection capable of escalation into an RFC6455 WebSocket, which enables direct communication between a browser and a BCI2000 distribution in real-time, facilitating a number of novel applications. We also present a JavaScript module, bci2k.js, that allows web developers to create paradigms and visualizations using this interface in an easy-to-use and intuitive manner. To illustrate the utility of BCI2000Web, we demonstrate a browser-based implementation of a real-time electrocorticographic (ECoG) functional mapping suite called WebFM. We also explore how the unique characteristics of our browser-based framework make BCI2000Web an attractive tool for future BCI applications. BCI2000Web leverages the advances of BCI2000 to provide real-time browser-based interactions with human neurophysiological recordings, allowing for web-based BCIs and other applications, including real-time functional brain mapping. Both BCI2000 and WebFM are provided under open source licenses. Enabling a powerful BCI suite to communicate with today's most technologically progressive software empowers a new cohort of developers to engage with BCI technology, and could serve as a platform for internet-enabled BCIs.
BCI2000一直是开发实时脑机接口（BCI）的一个流行平台。自BCI2000首次发布以来，网页浏览器有了很大发展，这使得基于互联网的应用程序和交互式可视化能够快速开发。将BCI2000原生的放大器抽象和信号处理与现代网页浏览器提供的一系列技术以及开发的便捷性相结合，可能会催生新一代基于浏览器的BCI和可视化工具。我们开发了一个名为BCI2000Web的服务器和过滤器模块，它提供一个HTTP连接，能够升级为RFC6455 WebSocket，从而实现浏览器与BCI2000发行版之间的实时直接通信，便于实现许多新颖的应用。我们还展示了一个JavaScript模块bci2k.js，它允许网页开发者以易于使用且直观的方式使用此接口创建范式和可视化。为了说明BCI2000Web的实用性，我们展示了一个名为WebFM的基于浏览器的实时皮层脑电图（ECoG）功能映射套件的实现。我们还探讨了基于浏览器的框架的独特特性如何使BCI2000Web成为未来BCI应用的一个有吸引力的工具。BCI2000Web利用BCI2000的优势，实现与人类神经生理记录的基于浏览器的实时交互，从而实现基于网络的BCI及其他应用，包括实时功能性脑图谱绘制。BCI2000和WebFM均根据开源许可提供。使一个强大的BCI套件能够与当今技术最先进的软件进行通信，这让新一批开发者能够参与到BCI技术中，并且可以作为基于互联网的BCI的一个平台。
