State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2019 May 20;666:875-886. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.246. Epub 2019 Feb 18.
Over the past 50 years, a series of soil and water conservation measures have been implemented on the Loess Plateau, including biological, engineering, and agricultural measures. As a result, water discharge and sediment load on the plateau have undergone significant changes. In this study, we compared the water discharge and sediment load at >100 hydrological stations across the Loess Plateau during the period 2008-2016 (P2) with the water discharge and sediment load during the period 1971-1987 (P1), and detected the main sources of sediment in each of the two periods. We then performed an attribution analysis to quantify the influence of different factors on the changes in sediment load. We found the following results: (1) Water discharge was reduced by 22% in P2 compared with P1, whereas the sediment load was reduced by 74%. (2) Sediment resources are mainly concentrated between Toudaoguai and Tongguan stations: this region contributed >88% of the total sediment load at the terminal station (Huayuankou station) in both P1 and P2. (3) When considering only the changes in sediment concentration on the Loess Plateau, we conclude that the contribution of human activities was >72%. This study provides a detailed description of the temporal and spatial variations in water and sediment across the Loess Plateau, providing a reliable reference for the future development of ecological soil and water conservation measures on the Loess Plateau.
在过去的 50 年中，黄土高原实施了一系列水土保持措施，包括生物、工程和农业措施。因此，高原的水排放量和泥沙负荷发生了显著变化。在这项研究中，我们将 2008-2016 年（P2）期间黄土高原 100 多个水文站的水排放量和泥沙负荷与 1971-1987 年（P1）期间的水排放量和泥沙负荷进行了比较，并检测了两个时期泥沙的主要来源。然后，我们进行了归因分析，以量化不同因素对泥沙负荷变化的影响。我们发现以下结果：（1）与 P1 相比，P2 的水排放量减少了 22%，而泥沙负荷减少了 74%。（2）泥沙资源主要集中在桃树拐和潼关站之间：这一地区在 P1 和 P2 期间均为下游（花园口站）的总泥沙负荷贡献了超过 88%。（3）仅考虑黄土高原泥沙浓度的变化，我们得出结论，人类活动的贡献超过了 72%。本研究详细描述了黄土高原水沙的时空变化，为黄土高原未来生态水土保持措施的发展提供了可靠的参考。
