Department of Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 410001, Enugu State, Nigeria.
Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Port Harcourt, PMB, 5323, East-West Road, Choba, Rivers State, Nigeria; Environment and Conservation Unit, Centre for Environment, Human Rights and Development (CEHRD), Legacy Centre, 6 Abuja Lane, D-Line, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.
J Environ Manage. 2019 May 1;237:365-378. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.02.090. Epub 2019 Feb 25.
Environmental pollution occasioned by artisanal activities and technical failures at exploration sites has affected mostly oil producing and other mineral resources mining regions in developed and developing nations. As conventional techniques of remediation seem to be progressively unreliable and inefficient, contaminated land management experts have adopted a plant-based technology described as 'phytoremediation' for effective detoxification and removal of contaminants in substrate environmental media (soil and sediment). This technique, has gained public acceptance because of its aesthetic, eco-friendly, solar energy driven and low cost attributes. With complexity of environmental pollution in Africa, identification of appropriate remediation approach that deliver net environmental benefit and economic profit to the society is vital, while also focusing on the exploitation of plants genetic tools for more clarity on phyto tolerance, uptake and translocation of pollutants. In this article, we reviewed the status, progress and challenges of phytoremediation in selected African countries (South Africa, Nigeria, Tanzania, Zambia, Egypt and Ghana), the ecological impact of the pollutants, phytoremediation strategies and the possible plants of choice. Besides highlighting the support roles played by soil fauna and flora, the fate of harvested biomass/dieback and its future prospects are also discussed. We further explored the factors challenging phytoremediation progress in Africa, amidst its promising potentials and applicability for sustainable ecosystem management paradigm.
由于手工活动和勘探现场技术故障造成的环境污染，主要影响了发达国家和发展中国家的石油生产和其他矿产资源开采地区。由于传统的修复技术似乎越来越不可靠和低效，受污染土地管理专家已经采用了一种基于植物的技术，称为“植物修复”，以有效净化和去除环境基质（土壤和沉积物）中的污染物。由于其美观、环保、太阳能驱动和低成本的特点，该技术已被公众接受。由于非洲环境污染的复杂性，确定能够为社会带来净环境效益和经济效益的适当修复方法至关重要，同时还需要关注植物遗传工具的开发，以更清楚地了解植物的耐污染性、污染物的吸收和转移。在本文中，我们回顾了选定的非洲国家（南非、尼日利亚、坦桑尼亚、赞比亚、埃及和加纳）植物修复的现状、进展和挑战，讨论了污染物的生态影响、植物修复策略以及可能的选择植物。除了强调土壤动植物所起的支持作用外，还讨论了收获的生物质/凋落物的命运及其未来前景。我们进一步探讨了在非洲，植物修复面临的挑战，尽管它具有很大的潜力和适用性，适用于可持续的生态系统管理模式。
