Laboratory for Bioremediation and Metagenomics Research (LBMR), Department of Environmental Microbiology (DEM), Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, London, UK.
Rev Environ Contam Toxicol. 2020;249:71-131. doi: 10.1007/398_2019_24.
Environmental contamination due to heavy metals (HMs) is of serious ecotoxicological concern worldwide because of their increasing use at industries. Due to non-biodegradable and persistent nature, HMs cause serious soil/water pollution and severe health hazards in living beings upon exposure. HMs can be genotoxic, carcinogenic, mutagenic, and teratogenic in nature even at low concentration. They may also act as endocrine disruptors and induce developmental as well as neurological disorders, and thus, their removal from our natural environment is crucial for the rehabilitation of contaminated sites. To cope with HM pollution, phytoremediation has emerged as a low-cost and eco-sustainable solution to conventional physicochemical cleanup methods that require high capital investment and labor alter soil properties and disturb soil microflora. Phytoremediation is a green technology wherein plants and associated microbes are used to remediate HM-contaminated sites to safeguard the environment and protect public health. Hence, in view of the above, the present paper aims to examine the feasibility of phytoremediation as a sustainable remediation technology for the management of metal-contaminated sites. Therefore, this paper provides an in-depth review on both the conventional and novel phytoremediation approaches; evaluates their efficacy to remove toxic metals from our natural environment; explores current scientific progresses, field experiences, and sustainability issues; and revises world over trends in phytoremediation research for its wider recognition and public acceptance as a sustainable remediation technology for the management of contaminated sites in the twenty-first century.
由于重金属（HMs）在工业中的使用不断增加，其对环境的污染引起了严重的生态毒理学关注。由于其不可生物降解和持久性，HMs 会造成严重的土壤/水污染，并在生物暴露时造成严重的健康危害。HMs 即使在低浓度下也具有遗传毒性、致癌性、致突变性和致畸性。它们还可能充当内分泌干扰物，并导致发育和神经紊乱，因此，从我们的自然环境中去除它们对于受污染场地的修复至关重要。为了应对重金属污染，植物修复作为一种低成本和生态可持续的方法，已经出现，替代了传统的物理化学清理方法，这些方法需要大量的资本投资和劳动力，会改变土壤性质并扰乱土壤微生物群。植物修复是一种绿色技术，其中植物和相关微生物被用于修复重金属污染的场地，以保护环境和保护公众健康。因此，鉴于上述情况，本文旨在探讨植物修复作为一种可持续修复技术来管理金属污染场地的可行性。因此，本文对传统和新型植物修复方法进行了深入的综述；评估了它们从自然环境中去除有毒金属的效果；探讨了当前的科学进展、现场经验和可持续性问题；并回顾了全球范围内植物修复研究的趋势，以使其作为一种可持续修复技术，在 21 世纪得到更广泛的认可和公众接受，用于管理污染场地。
